Partner for progress The climate footprint of the water sector WWF5 Istanbul March 2009 Jos Frijns, Adriana Hulsmann

Climate change: adaptation ánd mitigation Effects of global warming: first visible in the water sector Climate adaptation measures: substantial effort expected from the water sector Implementation adaptation measures: in the interest of the water sector Water sector first mover: towards a climate neutral water cycle Leading by example

Attributable emissions a) Scope of the water sector Small water cycle: water system-drinking water- waste water- water system Drinking water: production and distribution Sewerage: collection and transport of waste water Waste water: wastewater treatment systems

b) Contribution to global warming 1) Energy consumption Electricity: 0,59 kg CO2 / kWh, gas: 1,80 kg CO2 / m3 Drinking water: 0,47 kWh / m3 Wastewater treatment: 26,6 kWh / p.e. Compensate for energy production (biogas) 2) Direct emissions CO2: no, short-cycle CH4: 21 GWP (Global Warming Potential) -De-gassing ground water en process emissions in treatment N2O: 310 GWP 3) Indirect emissions Chemicals (embedded carbon): yes Materials: no Organisation (offices and travel): yes

Result The climate footprint of the Dutch water sector is: 1,67 million tonnes CO2-eq. / yr Wastewater treatment has the largest share of the GWP

GWP per type CO 2-eq. of water cycle GWP of water cycle mainly caused by electricity consumption, but also to a large extent by direct emissions

Relevance of the GWP of the water sector Total GWP Netherlands (2005): 212 million tonnes Contribution water sector: 0,8% Relevant? Yes, setting an example.

Contribution to domestic GWP GWP contribution of water cycle to households: 1,55 kg CO2eq / m3 Households: 107 m3/yr water = 165 kg CO2- eq. = 3,3% of total domestic GWP-energy This is exclusive of energy added to drinking water

Contribution to domestic GWP of energy added to drinking water Household use of gas for heating water: 385 m3/yr 385 m3 gas equals 693 kg CO2-eq. 50% for bathing 15% for clothes washing 15% for dishwashing 15% for cooking and coffee/tea Household total energy use 5000 kg CO2 eq./yr Heating water 14% of total domestic GWP

GWP contribution of domestic premises Domestic water cycle Drinking water production and supply Sewerage Waste water treatment –3.3% of total domestic GWP Domestic water cycle Hot water for bathing Clothes washing Dish washing Cooking and coffee/tea –14% of total domestic GWP

Domestic water saving Energy saving works three fold Upstream less energy for less water production and supply At consumer less energy for less water consumed and heated Downstream less energy for less waste water collection and treatment. SO……………………………………...

WATER SAVING WORKS

As does energy saving Low (zero) energy houses

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