1. Public Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating Carbon footprint of heating systems Lowering GHG emissions by the use of heat pumps

2. Public 2 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 Everybody knows that when it comes to air pollution by Greenhouse gas emissions, industry and transport are the biggest polluters !! Really ??? Think again !!

3. Public 3 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 80% of CO 2 eq. emissions is by energy consumption Large opportunities for CO2 reduction via energy savings in buildings. Space heating, hot water & cooling play major role. 40% of energy is used by buildings, mainly for Space & Water Heating CO2 equivalent emissions (%) [EU 25 : 2003] 61% 20% 19% Energy (without transport) Non Energy Energy for Transport Energy Consumption (Primary Energy) 41% 28% 31% Energy for Transport Industry [Source : EU Reports] CO2 equivalent emissions (%) [EU 25 : 2003] 61% 20% 19% Energy (without transport) Non Energy Energy for Transport Energy Consumption (Primary Energy) 41% 28% 31% Buildings Energy for Transport Industry Comfort Cooling [Source : EU Reports] Space Heating Hot Water 50-60% 10-25% 50-60% 10-25% Space Heating Hot Water 2015 Space Heating 50-60% 10-25% Hot Water Others 20% Others 3% Energy facts in Europe

4. Public 4 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 OK, the statistics show that about a quarter of greenhouse gas emissions are related to space heating and hot water. But where does this CO2 comes from ??

5. Public 5 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 Sources of greenhouse gases related to heating Combustion heatingElectrical heating (incl. electr.heat pumps) C H H H H O O O O O O H H O H H O C Fossil fuel + oxygen = CO2 + water -CO2 from combustion directly emitted at the installation -CO2 from electricity generation indirectly emitted at fossil fuel driven power plants -Leakage and non recovery of refrigerants in heat pumps

6. Public 6 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 We know now where the greenhouse gas emissions come from. Can we reduce them ??

7. Public 7 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 Influencing factors of GHG emissions Combustion heatingElectrical heating (incl. electr.heat pumps) -Type of fuel -Combustion efficiency -Type electricity generation (electricity generation mix) -Efficiency of electricity generation -Efficiency of the heating system -Type of refrigerant (GWP value) -Leakage rate -Recovery efficiency

8. Public 8 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 What is the influence of each of these factors ??

9. Public 9 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 Less CO2 emissions from A/W heat pumps than from combustion based heating - general 0,33 kWh Electricity 1,1 kWh Gas 0,90COP 90%Efficiency 1 kWh Heat 3-10% Heat loss 67% Free heat 0,24 kg CO 2 0,18 kg CO 2 COP 300%Efficiency 3 Fossil fuel plant 0.825 kWh Gas 1 kWh Heat Efficiency fossil fuel plant: 40% CO2 emissions from heating systems – base case

10. Public 10 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 A/W Heat pump advantages Less CO2 emissions from A/W heat pumps than from combustion based heating – increasing fossil fuel plant efficiency 0,33 kWh Electricity 1,1 kWh Gas 0,90COP 90%Efficiency 1 kWh Heat 3-10% Heat loss 67% Free heat 0,24 kg CO 2 0,14 kg CO 2 COP 300%Efficiency 3 Fossil fuel plant 0,66 kWh Gas 1 kWh Heat Efficiency fossil fuel plant: 50% -> efficiency fossil fuel plant CO2 emissions from heating systems

11. Public 11 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 A/W Heat pump advantages Less CO2 emissions from A/W heat pumps than from combustion based heating – increasing heat pump efficiency 0,25 kWh Electricity 1,1 kWh Gas 0,90COP 90%Efficiency 1 kWh Heat 3-10% Heat loss 75% Free heat 0,24 kg CO 2 0,14 kg CO 2 COP 400%Efficiency 4 Fossil fuel plant 0,63 kWh Gas 1 kWh Heat Efficiency fossil fuel plant: 40% -> efficiency of heat pump CO2 emissions from heating systems

12. Public 12 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 A/W Heat pump advantages Less CO2 emissions from A/W heat pumps than from combustion based heating – increasing amount of renewable energies for electricity generation 0,33 kWh Electricity 1,1 kWh Gas 1 kWh Heat 3-10% Heat loss 67% Free heat 0,24 kg CO 2 1 kWh Heat 50% Fossil fuel plant / 50% Renewable 0,41 kWh Gas 0,09 kg CO 2 Efficiency fossil fuel plant: 40% -> amount of renewable energy 0,90COP 90%Efficiency COP 300%Efficiency 3 0,165kWh Elec CO2 emissions from heating systems

13. Public 13 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 A/W Heat pump advantages Less CO2 emissions from A/W heat pumps than from combustion based heating – increasing amount of renewable energies for electricity generation 0,33 kWh Electricity 1,1 kWh Gas 1 kWh Heat 3-10% Heat loss 67% Free heat 0,24 kg CO 2 1 kWh Heat 100 % Renewable 0,00 kg CO 2 -> only renewable energy 0,90COP 90%Efficiency COP 300%Efficiency 3 0,33 kWh Elec CO2 emissions from heating systems

14. Public 14 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 So, the way electricity is produced plays a big role in the greenhouse gas emissions from heat pumps. But, every country is producing its electricity differently, isn’t it ?

15. Public 15 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 CO2 Emission factors of some EU countries Source : Eurelectric Eurprog

16. Public 16 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 Big reduction in CO 2 - emission Comparison between DAIKIN ALTHERMA and conventional heating systems on the European market (oil, gas and direct electric systems) – calculation based upon Eurelec data and using the TEWI-definition 98% 96% 91% 42% 98% 69% 32% 67% 39% Energy mix for electricity production FRANCE (2004) Nuclear: 78% Renewables: 12% 90 % is CO 2 -emission free Energy mix for electricity production GERMANY (2004) Solid fuel: 51% Gas: 12% Nuclear: 29% Renewables: 10% CO2 Reduction potential of heat pumps

17. Public 17 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 CO2 emissions by heat pumps Oil Gas CO2 emissions in function of COP Normal sCOP range for A/W heat pumps in Europe

18. Public 18 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 Now that we know that heat pumps do contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, … … how much CO2 can we really avoid ?

19. Public 19 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 TEWI from heat pumps and condensing gas boiler Assumptions : 20000 kWh th/y Eff boiler 98% sCOP H/P 3,0 CO2 factors : 0,240 kg/kWh gas 0,399 kg/kWh elec (European average) 43% less CO2

20. Public 20 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 TEWI from heat pumps and condensing gas boiler The avoided CO2 emissions of using a heat pump instead of a condensing gas boiler equivalents the CO2 absorption capacity of 108 trees !!

21. Public 21 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 With over 50.000 units of DAIKIN ALTHERMA’s installed, that makes a lot of trees !!

22. Public 22 Name: François Bruggemans Dept: New Business - Heating DAIKIN Heating Days 2009 Thank you for your attention !!!