1. Proposed by.. Ms. Autchara Poohngamnil Energy Field of Study
A Towards Low Carbon Campus through Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation Measures
Advisor: Prof. Sivanappan Kumar
Proposed by..
Ms. Autchara Poohngamnil
Energy Field of Study
School of Environment, Resources and Development
Asian Institute of Technology
May, 2010

2. Outline Background of the study Statement of problem
Objective, scopes and limitation of the study
Overall methodology
The study outcomes
Conclusion and Recommendations

3. Background Building Sector World primary energy consumption
is projected to increase by 57% in 2035
as compared to 2008
Building Sector
8 Gt of CO2eq
(2009)
Global GHG emissions contributed by sector
(World Resource Institute, 2009)
15.6 Gt of CO2eq
(2025)

4. Statement of problem Climate Change Issue
Building Sector is one major contributor
AIT has potential to mitigate the problem
Previous study, 20% of energy is saved by energy conservation, lead to GHG emissions reduction
Therefore, my study has focused on promoting AIT on a low carbon carbon campus through energy conservation and energy efficiency.

5. Objective of the study
The primary objective of this study is to study options for low carbon campus, and suggest options for AIT to move towards low carbon campus
The specific objectives of this study are as follows:
To analyze carbon footprint due to major activities of at AIT
2. To analyze the energy consumption of AIT before implementation of energy efficiency measures
3. To identify options to reduce energy consumption, and implement
these measures in selected areas
4. To give guideline recommendations for AIT on energy efficiency to
become a low carbon campus

6. Scope and limitation
Low carbon campus will be focused only from a theoretical point of view
Only major emission sources will be considered for GHG emissions estimation
The experimental study will focus on electricity consumption, especially, lighting system at selected areas

7. Selected Areas Outline on AIT Campus7

8. Overall Methodology AIT towards to Low Carbon Campus Transportation
Stationary Combustion
Refrigerant Leakage
Estimate carbon emissions
Electricity Consumption
Offset remaining emission
Carbon emission
reduction measures
Waste Generation
Renewable energy options
Energy conservation and energy efficiency options
Not considered in
this study
Biomass
Energy auditing and analysis
Solar thermal system, PV
Implementing of selected energy efficiency options (including financial analysis)
Electrify from wind energy
Analysis of result after implementation
Proposed policy guidelines for AIT towards low carbon campus

9. What are outcomes ? AIT Towards Low Carbon Campus AIT’s GHG Emissions
HOW?
AIT’s GHG Emissions
HOW?
What are
outcomes ?
Energy Efficient and Conservation achieved
AIT Towards Low
Carbon Campus 9

10. Data Surveys AIT’s Utility Office Measurement Electricity
Recorded from related office
Transportations
Survey &Questionnaires
Assumption
IPCC
MSW- Previous study report
Waste Generation
Wastewater- Previous study report
Recorded from related office
Stationary Combustion
Survey &Questionnaires
Recorded from related office
Refrigerant Leakage 10
Survey &Questionnaires

11. AIT’s GHG Emissions by Major Sources Major emission sources
GHG Emissions by the Scopes
Scopes
Major emission sources
Emission (tCO2eq/yr)
1. Direct emission
AIT’s vehicle fleets
285
Stationary combustions
LPG used for cooking
Fuel oil for boiler at AITCC 74 36
Refrigerant leakage
200
2. Indirect emission
Electricity
7,488
3. Other Indirect emission
Waste generation
MSW
Wastewater
1,262
280
Business travel
Commuting of AIT people
Shopping travel
Travel of Visitor to AIT
1,221
3,607
250
192
Total
14,895
Total is 14,895 tCO2e/year 11

12. Implemented Options Technical measures Energy Save (%)
Remove tube lights which are unnecessary 70
Replacing T8 lamps & magnetic ballasts with T5 lamps & electronic ballasts 30
Use of new efficient fixture to reduce number of lamps (2 to 1lamp) and increasing illumination level 50
Replacing T8 lamps & magnetic ballasts with CFL lamps 60
Use of pull switches
Replacing CFLs with LEDs lamps 75
Use of indoor occupancy sensor for toilets 85
Use of outdoor occupancy sensor for corridor
Use of indoor occupancy sensor for a workshop area 65 12

13. Awareness scheme (EEM)
Energy saving and climate change tips
Saving our earth by our own hands
EEM lab energy saving
Pasted the posters (size 90x120 cm)in EEM lab
Monitored energy consumption reduction after pasting the posters about a week
Show result of energy consumption reduction by cooperation of people by pasting energy reduction poster 13

14. Of user are aware Of user are not concern Always turn off Sometimes
96%
Of user are aware
Aware of climate change issue, energy efficiency and energy conservation 4%
Of user are not concern
70%
Always turn off
Do people turn off the lights before leaving EEM lab?
30%
Sometimes
User Altitudes
80%
Good as compared
With previous system
How people feel on illumination level of new system ?
30%
Not concern
65%
Often
Do people use pull switches?
20%
Sometimes
10% 14
Never

15. Overall electricity saving (based on measurement 15 Nov-09-31 Apr 10)
Results at EEM lab
Before (22 Sep-10 Otc'09)
20% Saving
30% Saving
After (22 Otc'09-2 Nov’ 09)
By technical measures
Another 10% was achieved by Awareness Campaign
Overall electricity saving
(based on measurement 15 Nov Apr 10)
Comparison of load pattern in EEM lab before and after implementing energy efficiency and energy conservation
(Based on measurement) 15

16. Total Saving 2007 Implementation+ My Implementation
Total energy saved is about 118,036 kWh/year
Total money saved is about 407,230 THB/year
GHG emissions reduction is about 60 tCO2e/y
* One full scholarship of a AIT’s master student is 752,000 Baht
2007 Implementation+ My Implementation
Therefore,
This can be one scholarship every 1.6 year for Master’ student (at AIT)
Or about 30 credits coursework
Or about 9 year for accommodation expenses (at AIT) 16

17. Conclusion AIT’s GHG emissions
GHG emission by Electricity consumption is about 7,488 tCO2e/year (50%)
Transportation is about 3,607 tCO2e/year (37%).
Waste generation is about 1,542 tCO2e/year (11%),
Refrigerant leakage (1%), and stationary combustions (1%) with total
Total amount of GHG emissions is about 14,895 tCO2eq/year.
The average GHG emission of AIT is 4.3 tCO2eq/capita.
30% of electricity can be saved through Energy efficiency and conservation
The overall electricity saving is about 118,036 kWh/year
Money saved is about 407,230 baht/year (based on calculation).
The payback period is about one year
GHG emissions is about 73,654 kgCO2e/year.
Policy measures are important to move towards Low Carbon Campus
Energy Saving Lead to GHG emissions Reduction 17

18. Recommendations
Carbon footprint estimation, a good system for recording activities data, Carbon footprint number and its effects should be focused
AIT should have energy monitoring equipments system such as power meters for each sub areas
Awareness campaign on low carbon campus should be conducted
regularly for all of people in campus
Reducing GHG emission through other ways such as in transportation, waste generation and renewable energy that is available in campus should be studied in depth for achieving more GHG emissions
reduction. 18

19. …THANK YOU… 19

20. The share of GHG emissions by electricity usage
AIT's Major GHG Emissions Sources : Electricity Consumption
Total is 7,488 tCO2e/yr (2008)
2005
2006
2007
2008
Yearly GHG emissions by electricity usage
The share of GHG emissions by electricity usage
on average Nov and Dec 2008 20

21. GHG emissions AIT's Major GHG Emissions Sources: Municipal Solid Waste
Monthly CO2 emission by solid waste generation (2008)
The share of MSW’s GHG emissions by main section of AIT 21

22. GHG emissions GHG AIT's Major GHG Emissions Sources :Wastewater
Details
Number
Source
Average wastewater m3/day
1,122
EEM, AIT
COD (kg COD/m3)
0.21
Operating days
365
Based on AIT campus
Total COD (kg COD/year)
86001
Calculated
B0 (kg CH4/kg COD)
IPCC default value
MCF
0.738
Methane emission/year (tCH4) 13
Total GHG emissions (tCO2e)
280 22

23. GHG emissions AIT's Major GHG Emissions Sources: Transportation
Total is 1,221 tCO2e/yr
Total is 5,555 tCO2e/yr
Total is 3,607 tCO2e/yr 23

24. GHG emissions
AIT's Major GHG Emissions Sources :Cooking 24

25. GHG emissions AIT's Major GHG Emissions Sources: Refrigerant Leakage
Total is 200 tCO2eq/yr 25

26. AIT and other universities GHG emissions per capita26

27. Share of Electricity Consumption
Total 245 MWh/month
Total 1,023 MWh/month
by Schools
Total 110 MWh/month
Share of Electricity consumption at AIT
By SERD Buildings 27

28. Electricity load of the South
academic building
Weekday load pattern of the South Academic Building
(based on measurement during 4 May-30 September, 2009)
Weekend load pattern of the South Academic Building 28

29. Comparison of electricity load for 1A(EEM) and 2A areas
Load pattern of 1A and 2A areas in the
South Academic Building for weekday
Load pattern of 1A and 2A areas in the South Academic Building for weekend
(Based on measurement during
15 Sep-15 Oct 2009) 29

30. Results at EEM lab Overall electricity saving after awareness scheme
Comparison of load pattern in EEM lab
before and after campaigning
(Based on measurement)
Comparison of electricity consumption
in EEM lab before and after campaigning
(Based on measurement) 30

31. Results at EEM lab
Before (W115) 31
After (W115)

32. Corridor lighting
After
Before
After 32
Before

33. Rest room lighting Thank Schneider
Picture before and after implementing energy efficiency option at restroom
Occupancy Sensor
CFL
Before
Thank Schneider 33
After

34. Energy Building Energy Building (Corridor)
Electricity Saved is 1,073 kWh/yr
Replacing CFL lamps with LEDs at corridor
Comparison of load before and after implementation
Money Saved is 3,699 THB/yr
75% Saving
CFL
LED
(Based on measurement)
Power
Saving
Initial investment
(Baht)
Payback
(Year)
CFL
(W)
LED
Load
(kW)
Energy
(kWh)
Annual energy saving
Annual money saving
13.6
3.4
10.2
0.224
89.35
303.79
230
0.75 34

35. Efficient technologies donated by Schneider
Thank Schneider
Operation of occupancy sensor for a rest room
Operation of movement sensor for a corridor
Power Meter 35

36. Poster 36

37. Poster 37

38. Poster 38

39. Poster 39

40. 1. To analyze carbon footprint due to major activities at AIT
Identify major GHG emission
Sources, and group them into “scopes”
Data collection, and set baseline year
Followed big universities, IPCC
GHG emissions estimation (IPCC)
GHG emission reduction plan
Implementing reduction options
Highlight Policy from Other Universities
Proposed policy guideline recommendations

41. Identify the major share of consumer
2. To analyze the energy consumption of AIT before implementation of energy efficiency measures
Analysis AIT electricity consumption and bill
Identify the major share of consumer
AIT electricity consumption by
school level and its share
Focused high school consumer, and
choose the building for implementation
Detailed analysis electricity
consumption for selected building
Selected specific areas for implementation

42. 3. To identify options to reduce energy consumption and
implement these measures in selected areas
Identify energy reduction options
Thai local market, literature review
Financial analysis (simple payback method)
Select, and implemented selected options
Analysis results after implementation (energy and GHG emissions reduction)

43. 4. To give guideline recommendations for AIT campus on energy
efficiency to become a low carbon campus
Study highlight policies from other institutes
Apply and recommend good policies for AIT
Highlight Policy from Other Universities
Identify measures to achieve the polices objective
Conclusions

44. CH4 emission = MSWT x MSWF x MCF x DOC x DOCF x F x 16/12
Where:
MSWT = Amount of MSW in kg/year
MSWF = Percentage of Solid waste which is disposed to landfills (%)
MCF = Correction factor
DOC = Degradable organic carbon (default value is 0.3)
DOCF = Fraction DOC dissimilated to landfill gas (default value is 0.77)
F = Fraction of CH4 in landfill gas (default value is 0.5)
(Source: IPCC, 2006)
Type of landfills
Default value of MCF
Managed landfills
1.0
No-managed and deep landfill (>5 m)
0.8
No-managed and deep landfill (<5 m)
0.4
No-classified MSW landfills
0.6

45. CH4 emission (kg/year) = Total COD (kg COD/year) X
Wastewater
CH4 emission (kg/year) = Total COD (kg COD/year) X
B0 (kg CH4/kg COD) x MCF
Where;
Total COD (kg COD/year) = Wastewater Volume (m3/day) x COD x Operating day
COD (kg COD/m3) of wastewater will be collected from previous study of EEM student
Operating day is assumed to be 365 days
B0 (kg CH4/kg COD) is The maximum methane producing capacity= 0.21
(Default value from IPCC, 2006)
MCF is methane conversion factor = for conventional anaerobic digestion
wastewater system (Default value from IPCC, 2006)
Then, convert to CO2eq by using global potential of methane (21).
CO2eq emission (kg/year) = CH4 emission (kg/year) x GWP