SOCIALIZATION Chapter Five

H What is Socialization? H Doob- the process by which a person becomes a social being... H...the process through which people acquire personality and learn the ways of a society or group.

H What do we as children learn through the socialization process? H Acceptable patterns of behavior’ H Social roles H Language H Values of our culture H When does socialization start? H When does socialization end?

Personality H...the pattern of thoughts, feelings, and self-concepts that are the special qualities of a person.

H Clyde Kluckholm - Anthropologist H “Every man is in certain respects: H Like all other men- H Like some other men- H Like no other man.” Nature versus Nurture

H Personality development occurs as a consequence of the interplay of: H Biological inheritance H Physical environment H Culture H Group experience H Personal experience

Theories of Socialization H Self- (At the core of the personality) H Doob- …is one’s perception of his or her own person. H …the individual’s conscious experience of a distinct, personal identity that is separate from all other people and things. Examples!!

Looking-Glass Self H Charles Horton Cooley- H “Looking-Glass Self”- H The Self is a social “product” developed through encounters with others. H Shakespeare- H “…each to each a looking-glass, reflects the other that does pass.”

Development of the Looking-Glass Self H Doob-... H Imagining our own appearance H Doob-... H Interpreting the reaction of others H Doob-... H How we feel about those reactions, (Developing self-concept)

Development of Self: Cont’d H George Herbert Mead- H Divided the Self into two parts; H “I”-represents the spontaneous, unique, and natural traits of the self. H “me”-represents the social part of the self, the internalized demands of society and the individual’s awareness of these demands.

Formation of the Self H The “me” forms during the socialization process in a three-stage process: H Imitative Stage- H Play Stage- H Game Stage- H Mead- The “I” is never completely under the control of the “me.”

Freudian Theory of Socialization H Sigmund Freud - Emphasis on… H Personality is divided into three parts: H “id”- H “superego”- H “ego”-

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages H Oral Stage- H Anal Stage- H Phallic Stage- H Latency Stage- H Genital Stage-

Agents/Sources of Socialization H The Family- H The Schools- H The Peer Group- H The Mass Media-

Socialization Through Life Cycle H Primary Socialization- H Adult Socialization- H Anticipatory Socialization- H Resocialization- H …a part of Resocialization is the concept of the “Total Institution.”

Total Institution H Erving Goffman- Asylums, H “Total Institution”- “…a place of residence…”