1. Sociology Unit 3: Socialization

2. True or False? A. It has been proven that people’s personalities are not shaped by their environment. B. As long as a child’s basic physical requirements, such as food and clothing, are being met, he or she has no need of human contact to develop basic skills. C. People’s personalities are rarely shaped by their families and environments.

3. Key Terms Personality Heredity Instinct Aptitude Feral-children Socialization Self Looking-glass self Role-taking Significant others Generalized others I Me

4. Think-Pair-Share In a list of ten items or less, how would you describe your personality? Matryoshka dolls (nesting dolls) are Russian artifacts that reflect the idea of an individual as a unique person while also part of the whole.

5. Personality? Honest Caring Responsible Adventurous Conscientious Dependable Patient +Courageous Mr. Nick To social scientists, personality is the sum total of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values that are characteristic of an individual. No two individuals have the same personality! Even your own personalities change over time.

6. Nature versus Nuture Nature Heredity – the transmission of genetic characteristics Much of human behavior is based on instinct- unchanging, biologically inherited patterns More than 10,000 human instincts Nurture Behavior and personality are the result of the social environment and learning Pavlov’s dog Humans can be mentally shaped to become anything

8. Factors that Shape Individual Personality Development Heredity: physical traits, aptitudes, inherited characteristics, biological drives Birth Order: Your position in the family compared to siblings Parents: age, education, religion, and economic status Cultural Environment: relative to each person’s society

9. Think-Pair-Share If, on the day you were born, placed in a basket and set in the woods, and were to survive until your 13 th birthday, what language would you speak? Feral Children – Wild or untamed children Not only is it important for children to learn language and culture, without close human contact and love, they can have stunted development and even die.

11. The Social Self Socialization – the interactive process through which people learn the basic skills, values, beliefs, and behavior patterns of a society. Your self is your conscious awareness of possessing a distinct identity separate from others.

12. Three Theories of Socialization John Locke – The Tabula Rasa Charles Horton Cooley – The Looking-Glass Self George Herbert Meade – Role Taking

13. John Locke Tabula Rasa – Each person is a blank slate at birth, with no personality. People develop personality as a result of their social experience. Moreover, infants can be molded into any type of person.

14. Charles Horton Cooley The Looking Glass Self - Infants have no sense of person or place. Children develop an image of themselves based on how others see them. Other people act as a mirror, reflecting back the image a child projects through their reactions to the child’s behavior.

15. George Herbert Meade Role Taking – People not only come to see themselves as others see them but also take on (or pretend to take on) the roles of others through imitation, play, and games. This process enables people to anticipate what others expect of them. Significant Others – specific people, such as family members, who have a direct influence on our socialization. Generalized Other – Internalized attitudes and views of society. I – Unsocialized, spontaneous, self- interested component of personality. Me – The part of ourselves that is aware of expectations and attitudes of society—the socialized self.

16. Agents of Socialization

17. The Family – The first and most important agent. It is the primary socializer of young children. The Peer Group – Composed of individuals of roughly equal age and similar social characteristics. Much pressure to conform. School – Between 5 and 18, students spend 30-40 weeks a year in school. Teachers become models that influence students through academic and extracurricular activities. Mass Media – Large scale communication that reaches audiences with no personal contact. Major forms include books, films, the Internet, magazines, newspapers, radio, and most importantly television. *All have intentional and unintentional consequences