1. Socialization
“The process by which people learn, and take into themselves, culture and social structure.”

2. Two Competing Views of Socialization
Sigmund Freud ( ): Psychoanalysis
Theory of how the self is formed (and deformed)
And a method for helping self come to terms with society
Three Elements of Self Id
Instinctual drives; pleasure principle

3. Two Competing Views of Socialization
Superego: culture, internalized
Ego: "referee" between id and superego
Developmental Stages
Oral
Anal
"Phallic"
Criticisms
unrepresentative "sample"
cannot be generalized
vastly oversimplifies

4. Two Competing Views of Socialization
George Herbert Mead ( )
self emerges through a process of symbolic interaction
“action”:
"behavior directed by the meanings people attach to their behavior and to the situation”
Interaction:
"behavior among two or more persons guided by mutual understandings of meaning"
understandings occur through symbols

5. Two Competing Views of Socialization
Stages of Symbolic Interaction
play
Experimentation with a role
“Taking on the attitude of significant others”
game
Purposeful activity among related roles
“Taking on the attitude of the generalized other.”