RECONSTRUCTING THE PAST

We will identify major causes and describe the major effects of the following events from 8000 BC to 500 BC: the development of agriculture and the development of the river valley civilizations (1A) We will identify major causes and describe the major effects of the following events from 8000 BC to 500 BC: the development of agriculture and the development of the river valley civilizations (1A) Identify the characteristics of civilization (2B) Identify the characteristics of civilization (2B) Identify methods used by archaeologists, anthropologists, historians, and geographers to analyze evidence (29A) Identify methods used by archaeologists, anthropologists, historians, and geographers to analyze evidence (29A) Identify important changes in human life caused by the Neolithic Revolution (17A) CLOSING TASK Identify important changes in human life caused by the Neolithic Revolution (17A) CLOSING TASK

PREHISTORY Characteristics of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic

define: pre·his·tor·ic define: pre·his·tor·ic Of, relating to, or belonging to the era before the creation of writing and/or recorded history. So, how do we know about the caveman if they didn’t keep written records?

Archeologists, Anthropologist Historian, Geographers Bones Bones Carbon dating Carbon dating Cave paintings Cave paintings Pottery Pottery Weapons Weapons Soil Soil Look on page 13

ICE AGE qSE4 qSE4 qSE4 qSE4 What are some challenges the early humans would have had to face during the Ice Age (Paleolithic Age)? What are some challenges the early humans would have had to face during the Ice Age (Paleolithic Age)? Nomadic Life issues = Shelter, Food, Drinking Water, Warmth/ Clothing, Protection from Predators, etc…

Paleolithic Age Background Hominids- are creatures that walk upright on 2 legs and opposable thumbs Hominids- are creatures that walk upright on 2 legs and opposable thumbs Hominids originated in in Africa Hominids originated in in Africa Lived during the Stone Age and Ice Age Lived during the Stone Age and Ice Age They where nomadic cavemen/women following their food with no permanent place to call home They where nomadic cavemen/women following their food with no permanent place to call home

Characteristics of PALEOLITHIC AGE (Old Stone Age) 2 million BC Kept fires going Kept fires going Made tools and weapons out of bone--Chipped stone (flint or obsidian) example fishhooks made of bone Made tools and weapons out of bone--Chipped stone (flint or obsidian) example fishhooks made of bone Developed club, spear, and bola Developed club, spear, and bola Primitive religion Primitive religion Development of language Development of language Lived in clans Lived in clans Used animal skins for warmth Used animal skins for warmth Women and men had different jobs but were seen a equals Women and men had different jobs but were seen a equals Lived in caves, dugouts, or trees Lived in caves, dugouts, or trees Hunter/Gatherers Hunter/Gatherers

Neolithic Age – 8000BC to 3000BC Definition – New Stone Age ( farming, irrigation, and the development of communities) Definition – New Stone Age ( farming, irrigation, and the development of communities) BC time period is negative years – the closer you get to zero the small the number becomes BC time period is negative years – the closer you get to zero the small the number becomes

20 minutes STOP Get into groups of four and research what methods are used to analyze evidence by the following Archeologists, Anthropologist Historian, Geographers

Anthropologists and Archaeologists Anthropology is the study of the origins and development of people and their societies. Anthropology is the study of the origins and development of people and their societies. Archaeology is a specialized branch of anthropology. Archaeology is a specialized branch of anthropology. Archaeologists (artifacts, fossils, excavations, etc.) Anthropologists (fieldwork, analysis of written records, DNA, etc.)

Historians and Geographer Historians rely primarily on written evidence to determine how people lived in the past. Historians rely primarily on written evidence to determine how people lived in the past. Today, historians study such evidence as photographs and film, as well as written documents such as letters and tax records. Today, historians study such evidence as photographs and film, as well as written documents such as letters and tax records. Geographer Geographer studies the earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth including physical characteristics, the surface features, and the effects of human activity Historians (primary sources, secondary sources, oral history, etc.) Geographers (GIS, satellite images, different types of maps, etc.)

Interesting Fact: Neolithic people in many parts of the world independently developed agriculture.

Neolithic Revolution (New Stone Age) 8000 BC Climate change (temperature rise) Climate change (temperature rise) Development of Agriculture Development of Agriculture Domestication of animals/ herding Domestication of animals/ herding Irrigation Irrigation Metal work Metal work Because of the changes above list some things that would alter in day to day life.

Changes in society/villages do to the Neolithic Revolution BC Food surplus Food surplus Population growth Population growth Advancement in cities/ communities Advancement in cities/ communities Trade Trade Specialized works Specialized works Complex institutions-examples governments Complex institutions-examples governments Why would the transitioning to agriculture and living in villages increase the need to develop a form of government? List some positive and negative consequences as a result of living in large community

Which will quickly led to … POSITIVES Increase in food Increase in food Art Art Religion Religion Social classes based on money Social classes based on money Government/ Laws Government/ Laws NEGATIVES Crime Crime Spread of disease Spread of disease Attacks Attacks When natural disasters occur, casualty rates will be high When natural disasters occur, casualty rates will be high EARLY/ 1ST CIVILIZATIONS 

Neolithic Technology Creating laws Creating laws Developed pottery, brushes, paints Developed pottery, brushes, paints Learned weaving Learned weaving Built houses & furniture Built houses & furniture Invented the wheel, & plow (in some areas) Invented the wheel, & plow (in some areas) New tools: awls, wedges, saws, drills, chisels, needles, etc. New tools: awls, wedges, saws, drills, chisels, needles, etc. Developed a calendar Developed a calendar What do you think the first laws would be in an early civilization. List as many as you can in one minute In a group of 3 decide the three most important laws for your civilization from your lists.

Rise of cities 3000 BC List some specific characteristics of advanced civilizations/cities in Neolithic times List some specific characteristics of advanced civilizations/cities in Neolithic times Advanced cities- aqueduct, wells, roads, buildings Specialized workers-artist, cloths, farming, ranching, carpenter, soilder, merchant, teacher Complex institutions – government- rules, religion- priest, economics- trade, bartering, education Record keeping Advanced technology – pottery, metalwork, plow, sailboat, wheel, beginning of Bronze Age in Sumer in 3000 BC

What are some things you CANNOT live without? – Make a list. What are some things you CANNOT live without? – Make a list. WATER SHELTER (housing, clothing, etc.) FOOD

So, where would man choose to settle once he no longer needed to hunt and gather? RIVER VALLEYS Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, &China      

Exit Ticket Complete Neolithic Revolution Before and After Chart THEN… In a complete and well developed paragraph, summarize the important changes in human life caused by the Neolithic Revolution Hint what was life like before, during and after the Neolithic Revolution