LESSON 5 – INTRODUCTION TO BONES AND THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

Types of Bones There are 3 main types of bones in the human body. Long Bones Long Bones – For blood production, support and movement. These are long and affect our overall height, e.g. the legs & arms (femur & humerus). Flat Bones Flat Bones – These are flat and are often found forming a protective surface, e.g. the skull (cranium) and pelvis. Irregular Bones Irregular Bones – These are irregular in shape and have a specific function, e.g. the bones of the spine (vertebral column). Each type has a different size and shape because they have different jobs to do:

TASK……  USE MODEL AND LOOK AT SKELETON – WHAT CAN WE IDENTIFY?  DIFFERENT BONES  SHAPES  SIZES  ALLOWS DIFFERENT MOVEMENTS  HARD  HANDOUT SHEET ON SKELTON AND ASK PUPILS TO LABEL

TASK….  LIST AND EXPLAIN THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON p152  SHAPE AND SUPPORT  PROTECTION  MOVEMENT  BLOOD PRODUCTION.  Look at the application of the functions on p153, do the same using a different example

The skeleton is a rigid supporting framework of bones inside the body, to which all the soft tissues and organs are attached. The Functions of the Skeleton The skeleton can: Together, the bones and muscles form a machine which can perform many different tasks. grow in size. repair its own broken parts. lubricate its own joints. support internal organs. Protection Support Movement Blood Cell Production The 4 main functions of the Skeleton are:

1 Protection The hard nature of bone means that the skeleton can protect the more delicate parts of the body. Examples: The cranium (skull) protects the soft tissue of the brain. The rib cage protects the delicate heart and lungs.

Without the skeleton, the body would be flabby and shapeless. Examples: The bones of the legs support the body. The vertebrae support the head. 2 Support

The bones act as levels. The skeleton is jointed to allow us to move when the muscles attached to them contract. Example: The bones and joints work with muscles to enable us to walk, jog and sprint. 3 Movement The vertebrae allow us to bend, stretch and rotate our body.

Red and white blood cells are made in red bone marrow which is found at the ends of the femur and humerus and in the ribs, sternum, pelvis and vertebrae. : Femur: Located in the upper part of the leg. : Humerus: Located in the upper part of the arm. 4 Blood Cell Production Red Bone Marrow

 LOOK AT HANDOUT ON A CLOSER LOOK AT BONES – CLASSIFICATION OF BONES – DRAW UP TABLE. – LOOK AT THE SKELETON  Not in the new syllabus

 HOMEWORK  READ ABOUT THE STRUCTURE OF A JOINT AND EXPLAIN HOW IT IS DESIGNED TO PREVENT WEAR AND TEAR. ?v=7bGsC6LoMF4 ?v=7bGsC6LoMF4 ?v=7bGsC6LoMF4