Biomedical applications of molecular imaging Tony Lahoutte UMons Nov-Dec 2011

Course 1 Part 1: Introduction and general principles

Biomedical Imaging Röntgen Hand of Anna Berthe 1895

Biomedical Imaging Röntgen 22 dec 1895 Hand of Anna Berthe 23 January 1896 Hand of Albert von Kölliker

Biomedical Imaging Weissleder and Pittet, Nature 2009

Biomedical Imaging 1. Microscopy: In vitro samples or in vivo tissues 2. Preclinical Imaging: In vivo imaging in animal models 3. Clinical Imaging: Imaging in patients

Biomedical Imaging CT – X-ray SPECT & PET MRI Bioluminescence Fluorescence FRET/FRAP ImageStream

Biomedical Imaging Anatomical imaging: Organ and tissue morphology Physiologic Imaging: Organ and tissue function Molecular Imaging: Molecules and cells Molecular Anatomy Physiology Cell

Molecular Imaging Definition : Molecular imaging is the visualization, the characterization and the measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels in living systems

Anatomical Molecular Hybrid Imaging

Anatomical CT scan of a women

Molecular Glucose molecules

PET-CT scan Computed Tomography or CT scan Anatomical Positron Emission Tomography or PET scan Molecular

Anatomical + Molecular PET/CT fusion image

Anatomical

Molecular Radiolabeled antibody fragments that recognize cancer cells

SPECT-CT

Anatomical + Molecular SPECT/CT fusion image

Anatomical MRI scan

Anatomical + Molecular

PET/MRI scanner Courtesy of University of Tübingen

FMT/MRI J. Chen, JCI, 2009: “Combined magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging of the living mouse brain reveals glioma response to chemotherapy” Fluorescence Molecular Tomography/ Magnetic Resonance Imaging = FMT/MRI MRI FMT

FMT/CT FMT/CT fusion Nature 2008;452:

FMT scanner VisenImaging Near Infrared Fluorescence

Anatomical + Molecular PET/CT SPECT/CT PET/MRI FMT/MRI FMT/CT = Hybrid imaging

Physiological Imaging = Functional Imaging - visualizing cardiac contraction - Imaging blood perfusion -...

Planar and Tomographic Imaging Planar = 2D projection Tomographic = 3D volume

Planar and Tomographic Imaging Gamma Camera

Planar and Tomographic Imaging Planar = 2D projection Anterior and posterior view of a planar bone scintigraphy

Planar and Tomographic Imaging Tomographic = 3D volume

Static and Dynamic Imaging Static image= 1 time interval Dynamic image = multiple time intervals

Static and Dynamic Imaging Static image = 1 time interval Static image of a radiolabeled antibody between s after intravenous injection in a rat

Static and Dynamic Imaging Dynamic image = multiple time intervals Dynamic image of a radiolabeled antibody between 1second and 10 min after intravenous injection in a rat. Every frame is 10 seconds

Special case of dynamic: Gated Image Gated image = images are synchronized with cardiac contraction or respiration

Special case of dynamic: Gated Image Gated image = images are synchronized with cardiac contraction or respiration

Static and Dynamic Imaging Different combinations are possible: Static planar image Dynamic planar image Static tomographic image Dynamic tomographic image

Slicing and orientation

Transverse Sagittal Coronal R R A A L L

Slicing and orientation Orientation: we look from the feet to the head R L

Slicing and orientation Orientation: we look from the feet to the head R L

Slicing and orientation Orientation: we look from the feet to the head R L

Slicing and orientation Orientation: we look from the feet to the head R L

Slicing and orientation Orientation: we look from the feet to the head R L

Slicing and orientation Orientation: we look from the feet to the head R L

Slicing and orientation Orientation: we look from the feet to the head R L

End of part 1