Air Quality Monitoring Networks Flemish Environment Agency VMM – Antwerp - Belgium Edward Roekens Visit Balkan, Brussels, 31/03/09

2 Overview VMM Air Quality Networks State of the Environment - Air PM 2.5

3 VMM - mission VMM = internally independent agency with powers of jurisdiction (°1990) Founding Decree of 23 December 2005: mission “contribute to the realisation of the objectives of the environmental policy by preventing, limiting and eliminating the harmful effects to water systems and the atmosphere and by reporting on the state of the environment and the realisation of the objectives of integrated water management.”

4 VMM tasks related to air Drawin up an Emission Inventory Air Quality Monitoring Networks Advising On the granting of environmental permits Spatial Planning Input State of the Environment Report (MIRA) Environmental Policy Plan (MINA)

5 VMM tasks related to air Input: International Policy regarding Air IRCEL: Interregional Cel for the Environment Calibration Database Reporting to the EU commission Smog alerts for Belgium Information to the public, reports, Websites

6 Air Quality Monitoring Networks Telemetric network (37 stations) Local networks (29 stations) Mobile laboratory Network heavy metals (20 stations) Acid deposition (9 stations) Organic measurements

7 Air Quality Monitoring Networks Telemetric network (37 stations) SO 2, NO x, O 3, PM10 and PM2.5, carbon, BTEX, CO, black smoke meteo

8 Telemetric Network stations 2007

9 Measurement station

10 Automatic monitors SO 2 – analysis UV-fluorescence Fine Dust analysis  -absorption

11 Air Quality Monitoring Networks Local networks (23 stations) SO 2, NO x, PM10 en PM2.5, carbon, black smoke, BTEX, VOC Hg HF (stopped in 2008)

12 Monitors 2009 TM LNNeed SO NO x O PM10/PM2.5 19/514/ /+12 CO 6 -0 if model +6 Black smoke/Carbon 3/1 3/4 Meteo 5 3 BTEX Hg - 2

13 Needed Needed for diffuse sources, taking in account concentrations and population density

14 Measurement station: local network

15 Local network in 2007

16 Air Quality Monitoring Networks Mobile laboratory SO 2, NO x, O 3, PM10, PM2.5 meteo

17 Air Quality Monitoring Networks Network heavy metals particles in suspension small particles ~ PM10 20 stations deposition of particles bigger particles 10 jauges: non-ferro and background

18 Monitoring heavy metals in particulate matter Sites (2009) 20 stations equipped with PM10-Samplers Industrial Non Ferrous : Hoboken and Beerse Steel: Zelzate and Genk Urban : Antwerp ( more > citizens) and Ghent Rural : Koksijde near the North Sea Coast

19 Monitoring heavy metals in PM10 : 2007

20 Sampling: Leckel PM10 sequential sampler

21 Heavy metals PW2400 instrument WD-XRF 2 tubes/ measurement time Rh tube: As, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn : 12 min per sample Cr tube: Cd and Sb 3 min per sample Epsilon 5 -3D-ED-XRF toestel Gd buis with different targets Measurement time 30 min per sample

22 Air Quality Monitoring Networks Acid deposition 9 monitoring stations Natural reserves Rainwater: anion + cations nitrate, sulphate, ammonium Dry deposition: NH 3, NO x, SO 2 by passive samplers + depositon speed

23 Air Quality Monitoring Networks Organic measurements VOC - Volatile Organic Compounds 8 stations 50 components PAH - Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons 6 stations, 10PAH + 5 nitro - PAH Pesticides in rainwater Dioxin and PCB deposition in 50 stations

24 VOC Monitors:, BTEX, VOC Manual sampling 24hr sample every 4th day Carbotrap GC-MS analysis

25 PAH Low Volume Sampling : 48 m³/day for PAH High volume sampling: 120 m³ for nitro-PAH New method: absorption tubes Quartz fibre filters : 47 mm diameter HPLC with fluoresence detection

26 Dioxine deposition Sampling Bergerhoff deposition jar glass jar :9,5 cm inner diameter 20 cm height Period 28  2 days Analysis Pretreatment Extraction with dichloromethane Analysis HRGC-HRMS

27 EU limit values – 2008/50/EC avg time 1-hour max 8-hour 24-hours year SO x yr 125 3x yr NO x yr40 (2010) PM x yr 40 Pb0,5 CO Benzene 5(2010) x yr O 3 3y_avg Target Value(2010) (concentrations in µg/m³)

28 EU target values – 2004/107/EC FlandersHot Spot As µg/m³  Hb, Beerse Cd 5 µg/m³  Beerse, (Hb, Genk) Ni 20 µg/m³  Genk BaP 1µg/m³ with actual wrong reference method could be 

29 Actual situation 2007 PM10 Yearly L.V. no exceedances, except Oostrozebeke Daily L.V. many exceedances 2008 favourable

30 Exceedances of daily limit value PM10

31 PM10: yearly mean 2007

32 Evolution PM10 yearly mean Back-ground level: 30 µg/m³

33 PM2,5 yearly mean Levels in Flanders: 20 – 25 µg/m3

34 Actual situation 2007 NO 2 Yearly L.V Exceedances in Antwerp agglomeration/harbour Study with passive samplers in 2004: also exceedances in cities: Ghent, Leuven, Hasselt Probably also in other traffic intense environments t.e. Mortsel New study with passive samplers will be planned for 2010

35 NO2: yearly mean 2007

36 Evolution NO 2 yearly mean Increase in industry in due to extra stations

37 Actual situation 2007 SO 2,benzene, CO No exceedances Benzo – α – pyrene No exceedances, however reference method gives an underestimation Pb, Cd, As, Ni Local problems around non – ferro resp. steel industry

38 Yearly mean benzene 2007

39 Ozone: Protection human health 2007 Mean Flanders : 887 µg/m³.hr MLTD (2010) : 5800 µg/m³.hr

40 Benzo(a)pyrene