Open Access, What’s Next ? Publishers and Librarians Working Relationship Maurice Kwong BioMedCentral, Asia CONCERT, November 2010, Taipei

Realizing Open Access Institutional Repositories (IR) –Driven by Libraries –Management of IR –Green Route to Open Access Open Access Publishing –Driven by Publishers –Publisher version for IR –Immediate Open Access –Gold Route to Open Access

What Does Open Access Mean to Everybody ? “Medicine is the study for saving lives. Medical doctors should not claim any intellectual property rights on knowledge acquired at the risk of patients’ lives. Application of Medical knowledge that will save more lives should be disseminated free from any barriers immediately”, Dr Zeng Zhaochong, Editor of BMC Cancer Journal Medical Radiologist, Fudan University

Advantages of Open Access Publishing Greater accesses to research results, especially readers in developing countries Faster dissemination of knowledge Higher Author Visibility Relatively early citation advantage for quality articles against traditional channels (advantage diminishes when Open Access publishing becomes more popular or even main stream of publication) Enhancing and enlarging the research cycle

Barriers to Open Access OA Repositories Mandate and its execution Authors’ Awareness on Open Access Publishing –Choice of submission –Quality issues Authors’ Understanding of Open Access Repositories –Existence of IR –Deposit process, technical or human Publishers’ self archiving policies –Preprint –Postprint –Embargo

Copyright Issues in Institutional Repositories Common situation The authors own the copyrights of the research In traditional scholarly publishing, the authors normally transfer the copyrights to the publishers or learned societies Complicated Copyright Issues in IR Policies Setting Any IR policy should not influence authors’ choice of where to submit for publication If the affiliated institutions of the authors (or the research funding bodies) have the policies of full rights over the research findings Whether or not the IR policies is mandatory Which versions ?

Copyright Issues in Institutional Repositories Licensed to Use and Disseminate Has the copyright been transferred to third parties ? When Open Access can be authorized (embargo) ? Can the author authorize to disseminate by CC ? Any contradiction to the Library’s IR policies ? IR Findability User Education and Promotion

The Evolving Definition of Open Access Revisited Free at the point of use Archiving/Preservation Dissemination and sharing Reuse, recycle and remix Enhancing new knowledge findings

Reuse, Recycle and Remix with Creative Commons Different Creative Commons Attributions Attribution-NoDerivs Attribution-ShareAlike Attribution-NonCommercial Or a combination of the above

Publishers Policies on IR Journal titles (10,188 )Publishers (523) Preprint Not allowedPostprint Source : ROMEO, ROARMAP, As at August 22, 2010

Global Growth of Mandatory IR Policies Source:

Global Growth of Institutional Repositories Source : OpenDOAR, University of Nottingham, October 7, 2010 By October 7, 1,749 database worldwide

Institutional Repositories in Asia Source : OpenDOAR, University of Nottingham, October 7,

Growth of Institutional Repositories in Taiwan By October 7, 39 database in Taiwan Source : OpenDOAR, University of Nottingham, October 7, 2010

Global Growth of Pure OA Journals Source : DOAJ, August 16, 2010 YTD Aug 16

Subject Disciplines Distribution of Pure OA Journals

Overlay Journals An overlay journal is a collection or grouping of open access articles from institutional repositories or public domains. –It can have its own editorial board and peer review process –It groups scattered resources into themed collection –It provides links to the original articles via its TOC –An example of Re-use in Open Access –Strictly speaking, it is not publishing but reorganizing free intellectual resources until it develops its own original submissions from authors –It works for newly emerged research areas and the collection can develop into a journal of original submissions after it is established –Not popular in the STM publishing and learned society communities

Springer – the Pioneer Publisher of Hybrid Journals Springer initiated Open Choice, now commonly known as Hybrid model in Journal publishing.

Experimental Cooperation with Academic Insitutions

Pricing of Hybrid Journals Over 30 Springer Open Choice journal titles reduces its subscription prices in 2011

Predicted Ceiling Take up Rate in the Market is 10% 53%91% OA Take up Rates in Hybrid Journals

Peer Review in STM Publishing Not all STM journals are peer reviewed Peer reviewed journals grow as the total number of published journals grow 2006 Total 60,911 titles ~ 39% peer reviewed 2009 Total 65,817 titles ~ 39% peer reviewed Source : Ulrich’s and DOAJ

Peer Review in Pure Open Access Journals From 2006 to 2009, pure OA journals grew by 50% Peer reviewed pure OA journal only grew by 22%, from 1,901 to 2,313 titles 2006 Total 2,690 titles ~ 71% (1,901) peer reviewed 2009 Total 4,401 titles ~ 57% (2,313) peer reviewed Source : Ulrich’s and DOAJ

OA Article Share 9.4% (~126,900) Total annual article output ~1.35 million Source : Outsell, An Open Access Primer, September 21, 2009 Global Market Share of OA articles

According to the SOAP 2009/2011 interim Report presented on August 23, 2010 in Prague COASP meeting : There were 116,883 articles published in 2,838 OA journals Thereby projecting the market share of OA articles at 10%

Limited growth of Hybrid journals OA has been proved as a sustainable business model Growing number of publishers with green IR policy Further increase of market share of OA articles More and more pure OA publishers Rapid growth of OA journals The New Landscape of STM Publishing

Forecast of Market Share of OA articles Year 2000 ~0% Year 2000 ~0% Year 2010 ~10% Year 2010 ~10% Year 2015 ~ ?% Year 2015 ~ ?% Assuming : Annual Total Articles grow by 3.5% Annual OA Articles grow by 20% 21%

Forecast of Market Share of OA articles Year 2000 ~0% Year 2000 ~0% Year 2010 ~10% Year 2010 ~10% Year ? ~50% Year ? ~50% Assuming : Annual Total Articles grow by 3.5% Annual OA Articles grow by 20% Year 2021

Forecast of Market Share of OA articles 10% 21% 24% 28% 44%33% 51% 38% Number of Journal Articles

Forecast of Market Share of OA articles Where is the equilibrium ? When will it come ? 10% 21% 24% 28% 44%33% 51% 38%

$$ Publishers role in the evolving OA Definition Change of business model, authors pay Birth of Hybrid Journals Archival policies for IR IR framework agreement with libraries Marketing, platform and interface development Pure OA publishing business model Develop OA publishing institutional membership

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And next …..

Libraries Role in the Evolving OA Definition Collect, integrate and navigate Licensing in and build IR IR framework agreement with publishers Licensing out and manage findability Marketing and Access Promotion Engage in pure OA publishing Join publisher as institutional members

Are You already on the Gold Route to OA or Still Waiting ? Evolving OA Definition

Publishers and Library Working Relationship in the Gold OA Route

New Landscape in Academic Publishing and cooperation Instead of confrontation, we can choose to cooperate, play new roles and grow together by participating in this sustainable publishing model for highly effective scholarly communication.

Thank you.