1. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Open Access: Present Pitfalls and Future Scenarios Bas Savenije, Director General KB Fiesole Retreat. St. Petersburg, May 12, 2011

2. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Open Access (Berlin Declaration) The author grants to all users: o A free, irrevocable, worldwide right of access o A license to copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly A complete version of the work is deposited in an online repository using suitable technical standards

3. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Why Open Access? Academic Community: o Communication and impact National policy: o Economic and social arguments o Relation with infrastructure International policy: o Cooperation: Progress of science o Access-to-information divide

4. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Open Access: 2 scenarios Golden Road Open Access journals: free for the reader Green Road Open Archives (repositories) with publications: Institutional, Discipline, Personal

5. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands The Golden Road Open Access Journals

6. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands De KB Duurzame toegang tot alles wat in en over Nederland wordt gepubliceerd DOAJ AS OF TODAY 6479 journals 2846 journals searchable at article level 565667 articles

7. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Open Access: Publishers Small initiatives a.o. learned societies university libraries OA Publishers BioMed Central Public Library of Science Hindawi “Traditional” Publishers

8. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Open Access: Who pays? Start-up money Stakeholders Article Processing Costs

9. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Complications: the academic community Additional costs o Principle: The system is already expensive as it is o Practical: budgets are tied in Big Deals Starting new journals o Risk avoiding: academics choose for traditional journals o Conservatism: Impact and assessment systems Dynamics? o Costs may increase: knowledge intensive countries, institutional profile

10. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Complications: the publisher Dynamics? o More competition: the reader cannot choose, the author can choose o Uncertainty about the turn-over (and profits)

11. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Getting from A to B New journals: o Finding additional money o Impact and assessment systems o Financial problem small publishers Hybrid journals: o Combination of subscription and Open Access o Gradual transition o Hardly any uptake

12. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Possible way out Research funders: o Mandate o 2 % of the research costs o Institutional OA funds o Support new OA journals Hybrid journals: o New dynamics o Cf Springer Open Choice, Dutch Pilot New impact models

13. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands The Green Road Repositories

14. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands

15. The Green Road Repositories The institutional viewpoint Subject repositories on top: metadata!

16. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Institutional repositories: complications Convincing authors

17. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Repositories: Convincing Authors Easy workflow; combination with CRIS Mandates by funders: archiving + possible embargos Additional services o Personal homepage o Download statistics o Long term preservation

18. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Institutional repositories: complications Convincing authors Obstacles by publishers: copyright

19. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Getting rid of copyright obstacles Alternative copyright agreements SURF, SPARC Creative Commons Final author version Mobilise faculty actions Harvard Involve deposit in license negotiations

20. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Institutional repositories: complications Convincing authors Obstacles by publishers: copyright Limited use of the content

21. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Repositories: Increase of Use Creating subject repositories o Improvement of metadata Information Infrastructure o Embedding of international repositories: DRIVER, OpenAire o Library infrastructure: WorldCat

22. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands Conclusion: The Agenda Funding agencies: Mandates, OA Funds Publishers: Hybrid models: new dynamics New OA Journals Libraries: OA policy in license negotiations Embedding of repositories Acad. community:New impact models New copyright arrangements

23. © 2010 Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands “When everything is under control, you’re driving too slow.” Mario Andretti