Chemical Reactions Acids and Bases

Common Acids and Bases Safe and Dangerous Acids Lactic acid By product of cell metabolism when there is too little oxygen Sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid Safe and Dangerous Bases Quinine Bitter flavour of tonic water and to treat malaria Sodium hydroxide

Indicators Svante Arrhenius (1884) Nobel prize winner 1903 for his electrolyte theory of dissociation. Acid = substance that produces hydrogen ions in solution (H + ). Base = substance that produces hydroxide ions in solution (OH - ). Indicator Chemical that changes colour as the concentration of H + or OH - changes. Phenolphthalein and litmus

pH Balance between acids and bases is important to life. Water H 2 O  H + + OH - Neutral and balanced as there are an equal number of H + and OH - ions. When an acid dissolves in water (H + ) ions are released. When a base dissolves in water (OH - ) ions are released. pH scale = 0-14, 7 is neutral power of the Hydrogen ion pH meter or universal indicator paper to determine pH.

pH

Properties of Acids and Bases AcidsBases Similarities Dissolve in water Conduct electricity in an aqueous soln Can irritate or burn skin Differences Taste sourTaste bitter Do not feel slipperyFeel slippery pH less than 7pH greater than 7 Turn blue litmus paper redTurn red litmus paper blue Release H+ ions in aqueous sol n Release OH- ions in aqueous sol n

Identifying and Naming Acids & Bases Chemical formula: Chemical formula: starts with H or ends with COOH  acid starts with H or ends with COOH  acid Naming Acids Naming Acids To name acids that contain hydrogen and a non- metallic element To name acids that contain hydrogen and a non- metallic element Prefix “hydro” Prefix “hydro” Add suffix “ic” to non-metallic element and word acid Add suffix “ic” to non-metallic element and word acid Name an acid that contain a polyatomic ion with an oxygen atom ending in “ate” Name an acid that contain a polyatomic ion with an oxygen atom ending in “ate” Start with name of the element in the polyatomic ion (not oxygen) Start with name of the element in the polyatomic ion (not oxygen) Add suffix “ic” and the word acid Add suffix “ic” and the word acid

Identifying and Naming Acids & Bases Chemical formula: Chemical formula: starts with metallic ion or ammonium ion and ends in OH  base starts with metallic ion or ammonium ion and ends in OH  base Naming Bases Naming Bases Write the name of the positively charge ion Write the name of the positively charge ion Add the word hydroxide Add the word hydroxide