Chair of Municipal hygiene and occupational health. Lecture on municipal hygiene for 5 courses Role and value of a street network in city planning.

TRANSPORT AND STREET ROAD NETWORK At design of city and rural settlements it is necessary to provide uniform system of transport and a street road network in coordination with planirovochny structure of the settlement and the territory adjoining to it.

TRANSPORT AND STREET ROAD NETWORK Time expenses in the cities on movement from the places of residence to work places for 90 % of workers (one way) should not exceed, mines, for the cities with the population, one thousand people: …… и менее

TRANSPORT AND STREET ROAD NETWORK For the cities with population over 2 million people the most admissible expenses of time should be determined by special justifications with the account: actual moving, placements of places of the appendix of work level of development of transport systems.

TRANSPORT AND STREET ROAD NETWORK It is necessary to define capacity of a network of streets, roads and transport crossings, number of places of storage of cars proceeding from automobilization level.

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT Passenger stations (a railway, motor, water transport and air terminals) should be placed, providing transport communications with the city centre, between stations, with residential and industrial regions.

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT The housing estate is necessary for separating from the railways a sanitary and protective zone the in width of 100 m, considering from an axis of an extreme railway way. At placement of the railways in dredging or at implementation of the special shumozashchit-ny events providing requirements Construction Norms and Regulations, the width of a sanitary and protective zone can be reduced, but no more than on 50 m.

Distances from stations to a housing estate are accepted on the basis of calculation taking into account size: goods turnover,transported cargoes,admissible noise levels and vibration.

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT In a sanitary and protective zone, out of a strip of branch of the railway, it is allowed to place highways garages parking of cars Warehouses establishments of household appointment. Not less than 50 % of the area of a sanitary and protective zone should be planted trees and shrubs.

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT Airfields it is necessary to place according to requirements Construction Norms and Regulations at distance from the selitebny territory and zones of mass rest of the population, providing safety of flights and admissible levels of aviation noise.

NETWORK. STREETS AND ROADS The street road network of settlements should be projected in the form of continuous system with the account: functional purpose of streets and roads;intensity of transport, bicycle and foot movement;architectural планировочной territory organisations;nature of building.

NETWORK. STREETS AND ROADS Distance from the region of the main carriageway of the main roads to the line of regulation of a housing estate it is necessary to accept not less than 50 m, Under condition of application the devices providing requirements Construction Norms and Regulations, not less than 25 m.

NETWORK. STREETS AND ROADS Basic purpose of roads and streets High-speed transport communication between remote industrial and planirovochny regions in the largest and large cities; Exits to external highways, to the airports, large zones of mass rest and settlements in moving system. Transport communication between districts of the city on the separate directions and sites of mainly cargo movement which is carried out out of a housing estate.

Width of streets and roads Is defined by calculation depending on intensity of a traffic and pedestrians, structure of elements placed within a cross-section profile, taking into account sanitary-and-hygienic requirements and requirements of civil defence. As a rule, the width of streets and roads in red lines is accepted, m: main roads — 50—75;main streets - 40—80;streets and local roads — 15—25. The width of a technical strip, and also dividing strips is established according to requirements Construction Norms and Regulations on transport constructions.

Width of streets and roads For movement of buses and trolleybuses on the main streets and roads in the big, large and largest cities it is necessary to provide an extreme strip in width of 4 m; The width of a foot part of sidewalks and paths do not join the areas necessary for placement of booths, benches, etc.

Width of streets and roads In the conditions of reconstruction on streets of local value, and also at settlement foot movement less than 50 persons/h in both directions are allowed the device of sidewalks and paths in width of 1 m.

Width of streets and roads It is allowed to provide stage-by- stage achievement of settlement parametres of the main streets and roads, transport crossings taking into account the concrete sizes of a traffic and pedestrians at obligatory reservation of the territory and underground space for perspective construction.

NETWORK OF PUBLIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT AND FOOT MOVEMENT It is necessary to choose a type of public passenger transport on the basis of settlement passenger traffics and ranges of trips of passengers.

Provozny ability of different types of transport, parametres of devices and constructions (platforms, airfields) are defined at norm of filling of a rolling stock.

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