1. Moving India forward
Urban Infrastructure: Challenges & Policy Options for Low Carbon Mobility
Amit Bhatt, Director, Integrated Transport

2. INDIA Population: 1.2 Billion (2011 Census)
The second-most populated country in the world, population expected to surpass China in 2030.
India occupies 2.4% of world’s area and supports 16.9% of the world’s population
Source: Census 2011

3. How INDIA Commutes to work: Census 2011
Commuting in Mega Cities
Source: The Hindu, 2015, Census 2011
Source: The Hindu, 2015, Census 2011

4. Transport Infrastructure in India
Road
Total Road Length: 48,65, 394 km
NH: 76,818 km
SH: 1,64,360
Rural Roads: 19,38,220 km
Urban Roads: 4,64,294 km
Road Length increased 12 times between 1951 to 2012
Road Length per 1000 sq. km: 1480 km
Road Length per 1000 Population: 4.03 km
Rail
7500 Railway Stations
64, 600 km route
12000 and 7000 pass & freight trains a day
2.8 million tonnes of freight a day
25 million pass a day
3rd Largest Rail Network in the World
Air
132 Airports in India
32 International and 154 Domestic Airport
27 Proposed Airports
20 operational airlines in India
million international passenger traffic handled
million domestic passenger traffic handled in
1.4 and 0.8 million tonnes of cargo handled in
Water
12 Major Ports and 200 non-Major Ports
917 million tones of Cargo traffic Handled
21.5 million passenger traffic handled
6 National Waterways of length 4503 km serving 15 states
40% of cargo and 98% of passenger traffic handled by non-major ports.
Source: Infrastructure Statistics , MoSPI

5. Snapshot of Share of Transport by Mode in India
Year
Passenger KM in Billion
Passenger By Public Transport
5756
Traffic by air
108
Traffic by Railway
740
Traffic by Road
4908
% share of Road Transport
85%
Traffic by Buses
4173
% share of Bus
74%
Traffic by State transport buses
485
% share of STU buses 8%
Traffic by Private operated buses
3688
% share of Private buses
64%
2/3rd of which is Bus Transport
Source : CRISL | Railway | Aviation | CIRT

6. Urbanization ‘S’ Curve
State of Urbanization: Although 30% of India’s population is urban, & the cities are the engines of economic growth, in India’s federal structure of governance, the state leaders are much stronger than city leaders. This is because the states are still predominantly rural and state leaders are elected by the rural populace. They have to address this urban-rural dichotomy, providing livelihood possibilities in both regions. But they are wary of devolving power to the cities. The rapid rate of transformation at this stage of urbanization makes institutional and systematic solutions harder to implement. Flyover
Capacity: Given that India is still in the early stages of its urban transformation, technical and human resource capacity to deal with urban problems is low across all stakeholder groups – government, private sector and civil society. The lack of capacity becomes a big challenge for the implementation projects.

7. Compact cities: Healthier and Safer
ATLANTA
BARCELONA
Atlanta’s built-up area
Barcelona’s built-up area
Population: 5.26 million
Total area: 16,605 km2
Urban area: km2
Transport emissions: 6.9 tonnes CO2 p.c.
Traffic fatalities: 564 per year
Population: 5 million
Total area: km2
Urban area: 648 km2
Transport emissions: 1.2 tonnes CO2 p.c.
Traffic fatalities: 31 per year
UPDATED GRAPH (10 December 2014) BASED ON NEW RESEARCH JUST PROVIDED TO NICK FROM LSE.
Shows diagram of Atlanta and Barcelona - major differences in urban form and density and transport infrastructure. One based around the car, other based around efficient public transport.
Source: LSE research, drawing on data from Atlanta Regional Commission (2014), Autoritat del Transport Metropolita (Area de Barcelona) (2013), GenCat (2013), UCSB (2014), D’Onofrio (2014), based on latest data.

8. How do we Do this? IMPROVE AVOID SHIFT
The need for long motorized trips
To the most sustainable modes
Efficiency and service
We know the kinds of solutions we need to Avoid carbon intensive transport, Shift necessary transport to more sustainable modes, and Improve the efficiency and service of transport infrastructure. But we need to create an enabling environment of integrated solutions, improved capacity, and increased finance to support this work.

9. Biggest opportunity is now

10. Scaling Sustainable mobility
Source for Graphic
Source: Dalkmann, WRI

11. High Quality Public Transport through buses `

12. Bicycle Sharing – Bhopal

13. Streets For All – Raahgiri Day Ranchi

14. Mass Transit Ridership in India cities
Sl. No.
City
Approx Ridership (Pax / Km) 1
Mumbai Metro - Line 1
35000 2
Kolkata Metro
20000 3
Delhi Metro
12000 4
Bangalore Metro
9000 5
iBus (BRT)
6000 6
Kochi Metro
2500 7
Rapid Metro Gurgaon 8
Mumbai Mono Rail
2000 9
Jaipur Metro
1500 10
Chennai Metro
1000

15. Thank you