After the Revolution… Lenin’s First Steps Peace End to WWI w/ Treaty of Brest- Litovsk Council of People’s Commissars Replaces Duma to consolidate power Cheka Secret Police to maintain order over citizens Civil War: Reds (Bolsheviks) vs. Whites (Coalition of Mensheviks, Czarists, Reformists) Communism Place factories under soviet control Redistribute land

Rule of Lenin Economic Reforms included the New Economic Plan (NEP)

N.E.P (Success) Mix of Capitalism / Socialism Attempt to rebuild economy & agriculture Limited Free Market System

Rule of Lenin Economic Reforms included the New Economic Plan (NEP) Political Reforms -Bolshevik party became Communist Party -Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics

Characteristics of a Totalitarian State Dictatorship- Absolute Authority Dynamic Leader- Vision for the nation State Control Over All Sectors of Society – Business, Family Life, Labor, youth groups, housing, religion, education, the arts State Control Over the Individual – Obedience – Denies basic liberties Organized Violence – Uses force to crush opposition

Stalin’s Totalitarian State State Control of the Economy – 5 year plan, collective farms Police Terror – Great Purge, crush opposition Religious Persecution – Control of the individual Propaganda (socialist realism) – Molding peoples minds Education – Controlled by the government

Stalin’s 5 Year Plans Reorganize economy to catch up w/ the West Applied to Industry & Agriculture Collectivize farms: State takes proceeds Goal Unrealistic production quotas w/ brutal enforcement methods & poor working conditions Resistance to collectivization by peasants had to be crushed Decrease in urban standard of living / living conditions (overcrowding/housing shortages). Preference to “megaprojects” made consumer goods unavailable. Problems