Physical Science Released SOL Items

According to the graph, which air pollutant decreased the most from 1970 to 1991? Carbon monoxide Sulfur oxides Particulates Lead 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of the following could best be used to demonstrate energy being transformed from electricity to heat? A magnifying glass A triple beam balance A toaster A gas oven 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Insulation materials reduce heat loss because they — are poor conductors block out the sun reduce evaporation promote convection 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which process is a physical change? Rusting iron Burning coal Tarnishing silver Melting ice 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Water stored behind a dam is an example of what type of energy? Kinetic Potential Solar Chemical 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

In the diagram, what essential part of an electric circuit is missing at position X? Load On/off switch Wires Source of electric current 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of the following has the least effect on lake water temperature? The depth of the water The angle of incoming sun rays The number of fish in the lake The lake’s surface area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of these experimental designs would best test this hypothesis? Hypothesis: The addition of a fertilizer to soil will increase plant growth. Which of these experimental designs would best test this hypothesis? A. B. A B C D D. C. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which animal has a life span closest to that of sheep? Dog Cat Horse Cow 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

When a base is mixed with an acidic solution, neutralization occurs because the — base reaches absolute zero acid evaporates base chemically reacts with the acid mass of the solution increases 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and coal have what kind of energy? Mechanical energy Chemical energy Electrical energy Nuclear energy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

What type of energy does the windmill use to do work? Mechanical Nuclear Chemical Electrical 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of these would be the best way to prove that a pine stick is more flexible than an oak stick? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Because zinc can combine with other substances but cannot be changed into a simpler substance by an ordinary chemical process, zinc is classified as — a compound a mixture an element an acid 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of the following is a true statement about the magnetic field between two magnets? The south pole of one magnet is attracted to the south pole of the other magnet. The south pole of one magnet is attracted to the north pole of the other magnet. The north pole of one magnet is attracted to the north pole of the other magnet. The south pole of one magnet is attracted to both poles of the other magnet. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

According to the chart, on which planet would a ball fall the fastest? Earth Jupiter Neptune Saturn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

In the chemical formula for ammonia, NH3, what does the subscript 3 represent? The number of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms in each molecule of ammonia The number of hydrogen atoms in each molecule of ammonia The number of ammonia molecules that will bond together The number of nitrogen atoms in each molecule of ammonia 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

An electric light bulb is hot to the touch because — current passing through it produces heat its magnetic field produces a large amount of heat evaporation causes an object to heat up its chemical reactions produce heat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which instrument would most accurately and precisely determine the mass of a toy car? An electronic light meter A spring scale A triple-beam balance A graduated cylinder 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The diagram below shows a block from the periodic table The diagram below shows a block from the periodic table. The number six represents the — atomic mass of the element carbon atomic number of the element carbon number of neutrons in the element carbon number of valence electrons in the element carbon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Each student in a science class of 25 conducts the same experiment Each student in a science class of 25 conducts the same experiment. One student gathers all the data from her classmates and summarizes the results of the experiment for the class. She compares the data she personally recorded with the class data. Which of these might indicate to her that her results are valid? Three other classes performed the same experiment. The same experiment was repeated two years in a row. Many other students recorded data similar to hers. Another student in her class reached a different conclusion. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Thrips are tiny insects that can easily be seen on roses Thrips are tiny insects that can easily be seen on roses. The thrip population changes shown in the graph below are probably caused by — increases in human population a major climatic change seasonal changes increased use of insecticides 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A mixture of iron filings and sulfur can easily be separated by — placing the mixture in water performing a chemical reaction heating the mixture using a magnet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A student designs and builds a 1:1000 scale model of the Mt A student designs and builds a 1:1000 scale model of the Mt. Fuji volcano in Japan. Since Mt. Fuji is about 3,800 m high, what is the height of his scale model? 0.38 m 3.8 m 380 m 3,800 m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

According to the data in the table, which sample of matter is most likely a metal? 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Expansion joints such as these are put on bridges because the concrete expands and contracts. This happens when — chemicals get on the concrete the temperature changes the amount of light changes the concrete gets wet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

How far offshore is the deepest point of the ocean on this graph? 0 m 5000 m 160 km 240 km 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A burning candle is in the process of transforming — heat energy into chemical energy chemical energy into light and heat chemical energy into mechanical energy chemical energy into nuclear energy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Of the states of matter, gas is the only state that — is fluid has mass is highly compressible has a definite shape 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

In order to turn on the light, a piece of wire needs to be connected from — A to C A to D B to C C to D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of these minerals is a carbonate? Calcite (CaCO3) Galena (PbS) Gypsum (CaSO4) Magnetite (Fe3O4) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The diagram shows a graduated cylinder containing water The diagram shows a graduated cylinder containing water. From which position will the most accurate measure of the volume of the water be made? Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

At what speed would a car have to move in order to travel 20 kilometers in two hours? 5 km/hr 10 km/hr 20 km/hr 40 km/hr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of the following is used to measure the mass of an object? Balance Metric ruler Graduated cylinder Barometer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The area that shows the amplitude of the wave is — 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Electric bills are calculated based on the amount of energy consumed Electric bills are calculated based on the amount of energy consumed. The consumption is measured in units of — newton meters millijoule seconds megavolt minutes kilowatt hours 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which system shows a transformation from chemical to electrical and light energy? A car battery causes the headlights to shine. A candle burns and lights up the room. A display of fireworks in the night sky. An avalanche rolls down a steep mountain. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of these is best classified as a mixture? Carbon dioxide Water Soil Iron 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of these belongs in the outermost shell (energy level) of an atom? Electrons Protons Neutrons Photons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The location on the track where the train has the greatest potential energy is — 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Convection is the result of — currents caused by the motion of heated molecules increases in the density of solids colder portions of liquids rising the lack of heat transfer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

If you break a piece of glass, the shape of the glass changes, but the properties in the fragments remain the same. Which of the following has occurred? A chemical change A temperature change A phase change A physical change 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

This chart represents the type and number of items collected in a beach cleanup. Based on the above chart, what percentage of the total items collected from the beaches was plastic? 46% 49% 56% 70% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Some snapdragon seeds were studied in the experiment below Some snapdragon seeds were studied in the experiment below. The seeds were placed in a dish lined with a moist paper towel. Which of these is the independent (manipulated) variable in this experiment? The type of seed The amount of water used The number of sprouts The temperature of each dish 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A substance made up of two or more elements that have been chemically combined is called — an atom a compound an element a mixture 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A proton has which of the following charges? Negative Neutral Positive Magnetic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of the following lists the elements in order, from those having the least protons to those having the most protons in the atoms? O, N, B, Li Na, S, Al, Cl O, S, Se, Te Rb, K, Na, Li 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Both light bulbs are lit in the circuit below Both light bulbs are lit in the circuit below. In order to turn off both lights, a switch must be installed in the circuit at the place marked — 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Calcium metal (Ca) can be produced by passing an electric current through molten calcium chloride (CaCl2). Chlorine gas (Cl2) is also formed. What is the balanced equation for this reaction? 2CaCl → Ca + 2Cl CaCl2 H2O → Ca + ClH + O2 CaCl2 + Cl → Ca + Cl3 CaCl2 → Ca + Cl2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

According to this graph, which of these is most important in developing the biomass of these plants? Nitrates Sulfates Magnesium Iron 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which diagram best shows the reflection of light? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The density of an object is dependent upon the object’s mass and — height area volume weight 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

John and Emily were experimenting with the effects of road salt on plant growth. To do this, they watered plants daily with the same amount of salt water. They could best improve their experiment by — increasing the amount of salt added to the water each day cooling the salt water before watering the plants adding food color to see how far the salt penetrates the plants watering half the plants with pure water and half with salt water 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The picture shows dinosaur tracks found in rocks The picture shows dinosaur tracks found in rocks. How many dinosaurs left their tracks here? 2 4 14 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of these will cause water to change to ice? Removing heat from the water Stirring the water Adding salt to the water Putting the water in the sunlight 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of the following elements belongs to the family indicated? Nitrogen belongs to the halogen family. Helium belongs to the noble gas family. Calcium belongs to the alkali family. Sodium belongs to the alkaline earth family. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of these has the greatest number of different simple machines? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The atom is composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons The atom is composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. What is the electric charge on the neutron? -1 +1 +2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The distance between one point on a compression and the corresponding point on the next compression in a sound wave is called a — wavelength rarefaction crest trough 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

What is the mass of the rock? 335.6 g 350.6 g 354.6 g 356.0 g 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The picture shows the results of putting a drop of orange ink from a marking pen on a piece of filter paper and allowing the colors in the ink to separate. About how much farther on the filter paper has the yellow pigment moved than the red pigment? 0.5 cm 1.6 cm 2.7 cm 3.5 cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Several centuries ago, men called alchemists tried to transform common metals into gold. Even though they tried many different chemical and physical methods, they never succeeded because — they could not heat common metals to extremely high temperatures the common metals they worked with were not pure they did not add the correct material to the common metal elements cannot be changed to other elements by physical or chemical means 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The chart shows the results of an experiment to test the effects of different plant lights on plant seedling growth. Which group of plants showed the greatest gain in height? Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Mercury is a liquid metal that is used in many thermometers Mercury is a liquid metal that is used in many thermometers. The mercury in the thermometer rises because it — is sucked upward by vacuum expands when heated is compressed by air pressure increases in density when heated 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The picture represents five red blood cells seen through a microscope The picture represents five red blood cells seen through a microscope. The lines represent a scale also visible through the microscope. Each division on the scale represents one micrometer. Use the scale to estimate the diameter of the average red blood cell. 4—5 micrometers 7—8 micrometers 10—11 micrometers 12—13 micrometers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Ellen noticed that she often sneezes when she visits her friend Robert, who has a cat and a parrot. Ellen wonders if she may have allergies to Robert’s pets and decides to conduct a scientific investigation. What should Ellen do next? Ellen should tell Robert that she cannot visit him until he gives away his pets. Ellen should visit Sue who has a horse, a dog, a goldfish, and a hamster. Ellen should call her doctor and insist that she needs shots for allergies. Ellen should visit a friend who has only cats and one who has only parrots. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of the following is shown in this diagram? Alternating current Short circuit Series circuit Parallel circuit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of the following is a physical property of copper? Ductile, can be drawn into a wire Liquid at room temperature Readily reacts with water to form an acid Readily reacts with oxygen 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy? A baseball moving from the pitcher to the catcher A rock sitting on the top of a large hill A pendulum at the top of its swing A new flashlight battery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Many scientists believe that nuclear fusion will become a possible energy source within the next 10 years. What resource would be most effective in tracking the progress of this energy source? The local newspaper A chemical encyclopedia A physics textbook Scientific periodical 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Objects with like charges repel and unlike charges attract Objects with like charges repel and unlike charges attract. The girl’s hair and the comb have — unlike charges like charges neutral charges no charges 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of these is a change in chemical composition? A lake freezes solid. Gravel, sand, and water are mixed. A copper bar is rolled into a flat sheet. Vinegar bubbles when baking soda is added. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The picture shows a test for non-slip surfaces to be used on a ramp The picture shows a test for non-slip surfaces to be used on a ramp. Which of these must be done to provide more meaningful results? Use the same shoe on each surface Use boards of the same thickness Use the same shoe size for each type of shoe Use shoes with soles designed for sports 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

At which point is the magnetic field the strongest? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which picture illustrates the structure of a molecule of water? B C D A. B. C. D. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of these elements has an atomic number of 14? Al Si P 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Tearing paper is an example of a — physical change chemical change chemical reaction solution 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

According to the graph, which angle of release would cause the javelin to go the farthest? 75° 60° 45° 30° 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which element is an alkali metal? Mg Al Ag 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

An experiment was set up to measure the distance a snail would travel in 5 minutes. Which of these rulers should be used to give the most precise measurement? A. B. A B C D C. D. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Solar cells are used to turn sunlight into — inertia force magnetism electricity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A wheelbarrow full of concrete mix that needs to be moved onto a platform could be moved either by lifting it above the ground and setting it onto the platform or by using an inclined plane. The advantage of using the inclined plane is that the work can be done — more quickly with less friction using less force using more energy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The density of this box is — 0.5 g/cm3 1.0 g/cm3 1.5 g/cm3 2.0 g/cm3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which property is required of a liquid in order for it to be a good fuel? Its acidity Its combustibility Its density Its boiling point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of these elements has the greatest average atomic mass? B C N Al 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

In the scale model below, one centimeter is equal to one-half of a meter. The mailbox is 2 truck lengths away from the model truck. How far away is the mailbox from the truck on the real street? 5 meters 10 meters 15 meters 20 meters 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of the following does not use metric units to measure the density of a solution? 10.5 grams/milliliter 1.56 pounds/fluid ounce 1050 kilograms/cubic meter 1.05 grams/cubic centimeter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

According to the scale shown below, what is the approximate length of the baby blue whale? 2 meters 4 meters 6 meters 10 meters 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Gases are much more compressible than liquids Gases are much more compressible than liquids. According to the particle model of matter, gases are more easily compressed into smaller volumes because the particles in gases are — smaller more active farther apart filled with air 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The picture shows how to make an electromagnet The picture shows how to make an electromagnet. Which of these would make the electromagnet strongest? Using a longer wire from the battery to the nail Wrapping the wire around the nail more times Wrapping the wire around a nonmetallic object Making the loops of wire less tightly coiled 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which diagram shows the refraction of light as it enters water from the air? B C D A. B. D. C. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Compounds are made up of more than one element Compounds are made up of more than one element. Which of the following represents a compound? H2 NH3 O3 N2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A student wishes to test the hypothesis that adding antifreeze to water lowers the freezing point of the water. What would be the dependent (responding) variable? Amount of water put into a container Amount of antifreeze added to the water Temperature at which the water/antifreeze mixture freezes Type of thermometer used to measure the freezing point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

In this atomic model, point A represents — a proton a nucleus a neutron an electron 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A direct electrical current is different from an alternating current because only the direct electrical current — produces a high voltage flows without resistance allows the flow of electrons in one direction can be converted to other forms of energy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A battery is placed inside a flashlight and then the flashlight is turned on. The chemical energy of the battery is changed into all of the following forms of energy except — electrical energy heat energy light energy mechanical energy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of the following materials is composed of only one kind of atom? Water Helium Air Sugar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A solution may be prepared by dissolving crystals of a salt in water A solution may be prepared by dissolving crystals of a salt in water. Which of the following would probably not affect the rate of solubility? Reducing the air pressure on the solution Grinding the crystals to make them smaller Stirring the water after adding the crystals Increasing the temperature of the water 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of these best shows that calcium is different from all other elements? Its positive electrical charge Its presence in milk Its number of protons Its ability to combine with oxygen 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Students measured and recorded the density of 4 samples Students measured and recorded the density of 4 samples. Using the density column and the data table shown below, which of the samples will probably float on top of the oil? Sample A Sample B Sample C Sample D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A student wishes to measure the mass of an object A student wishes to measure the mass of an object. Which instrument would be most useful? Triple beam balance Graduated cylinder Metric ruler Erlenmeyer flask 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which type of energy change is occurring in the pictures below? Mechanical energy to chemical energy Potential energy to kinetic energy Chemical energy to heat energy Solar energy to nuclear energy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The picture shows the growth curve of a bacterial population The picture shows the growth curve of a bacterial population. According to this information, the bacterial population doubles every — 3 minutes 20 minutes 30 minutes 60 minutes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of these uses the force of gravity to make it move? A sailboat moving across a lake A car making a right turn A snow sled going downhill A bicycle rolling to a stop 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A student wanted to test the hypothesis that adding antifreeze to water lowers the freezing point of water. The student found that pure water froze at 0°C, while the water/antifreeze mixture froze at 20°C. In order to confirm the results, the student should repeat the experiment using — a container of a different size a different amount of antifreeze a different amount of water exactly the same set-up as the first experiment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

This experiment was set up to test the hypothesis that plants grow faster in green light. What is the independent variable in this experiment? Type of plant Amount of water Color of light Size of pot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of the following elements has 16 protons? Oxygen Chlorine Sulfur Germanium 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A student predicts that more sugar will dissolve in warm water than in cold water. She puts some water in a container, adds sugar, and then stirs. The amount of undissolved sugar is then observed. When this student repeats the experiment to verify her prediction, the only thing that should change is the — amount of water used temperature of the water amount of sugar used amount of time stirring 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of the following molecules does not contain three atoms? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A student conducted an experiment on plant growth that required adding about one cupful of liquid fertilizer to several plants each week. In order to accurately measure the fertilizer given to each plant, the fertilizer volume should be measured in — cubic meters milliliters cubic feet kiloliters 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Consumers of electrical energy are billed according to how much energy they use. The unit most commonly used for measuring electrical energy consumption is the — millivolt ohmmeter newton-meter kilowatt-hour 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of these cannot be separated into its parts by an ordinary chemical or physical process? A mixture of salts (NaCl, KI) A compound of nitrogen (NH3) An atom of carbon (C) An acid of chlorine (HCl) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A student determined the mass and volume of a gold ring A student determined the mass and volume of a gold ring. What physical property of the gold can be determined using these two measurements? Its reactivity Its expansion rate Its density Its melting point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of these best shows particles in a mixture? D D. C. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of the following orientations of magnets would result in the greatest attraction between the two magnets? A B C D A. B. C. D. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The Earth is warmed by solar energy The Earth is warmed by solar energy. How is this energy transferred from the sun to the Earth? Radiation Convection Conduction Ultrasonic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

An example of kinetic energy continuously being changed to potential energy and back again might be — a girl swinging on a swing a train moving down a track electric charges moving in a straight path a plate sitting on the edge of a table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A new medication dissolves blood clots A new medication dissolves blood clots. However, if too much is used, excessive bleeding occurs. Which method should scientists use to determine the best dosage of this new medication? Use people of many different ages as test subjects Have the test subjects eat a wide variety of foods with the medication Change the times the medication is given to determine if timing affects bleeding Vary only the dosages of the medication while keeping everything else constant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

In an experiment combining vinegar and baking soda, gas is given off In an experiment combining vinegar and baking soda, gas is given off. In this chemical reaction, the vinegar and baking soda are — Reactants Products Elements suspensions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A wheel-and-axle is a lever that rotates around a fixed point A wheel-and-axle is a lever that rotates around a fixed point. All of the following machines employ a wheel-and-axle except a — bicycle skateboard pencil sharpener crowbar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

As a supplement to some diets, iron is taken in tablet form As a supplement to some diets, iron is taken in tablet form. The mass of iron in these tablets is often measured in — milliliters calories centimeters milligrams 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Between points 4 and 5, energy is being used to change water from a — solid to a liquid solid to a gas liquid to a gas liquid to a solid 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which drawing shows a circuit that will cause the light to come on? B. A. A B C D D. C. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A compound is a molecule made up of atoms from at least two elements A compound is a molecule made up of atoms from at least two elements. Which of the following gases is a compound? Ozone (O3) Oxygen (O2) Methane (CH4) Nitrogen (N2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Which of these correctly shows how a light ray is reflected from a mirror? B C D B. A. C. D. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

This flashlight uses three different forms of energy This flashlight uses three different forms of energy. Which of these shows the energy changes in the correct order? Mechanical → heat → chemical Heat → chemical → light Electrical → mechanical → chemical Chemical → electrical → light 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Because it can be transported easily and converted into other forms of energy, the energy form most commonly used in households is — chemical nuclear heat electrical 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25