1. Review for Science Final.

2. Electromagnetic Waves Energy is not a substance that has mass and volume. We know that energy exists because of its effect on matter (the things around us). Light is a form of electromagnetic energy and creates vibrations in the form of waves..

3. Physical Properties of Matter Physical properties can be observed without changing the identity of the substance: -Color - Smell - Hardness - Luster - Phases of matter (solid/liquid/gas)

4. Physical Properties of Matter Mass – the amount of matter in an object If the ice melts, is there still the same amount of mass in the glass?.

5. Physical Properties of Matter Volume – the amount of space taken up by an object. - mL for liquids - cm³ for solids.

6. Physical Properties of Matter Density – the amount of mass in a certain volume of material. -Find the mass -Find the volume -Divide the mass by the volume Density (g/cm³) = mass (g) volume (cm³) What instruments could be used to find the density of the cube?

7. Physical Properties of Matter Density of liquids: Some liquids float on others forming layers. Which is denser, karo syrup or vegetable oil?.

8. Physical Changes A physical change is a change in size, shape or state without forming a new substance.

9. Physical Changes State of matter: Add heat: particles move faster and spread apart - solid > liquid > gas Take away heat: particles slow down and move closer together - solid < liquid < gas

10. Elements and Atoms An element is a substance that cannot be broken down any further into anything simpler. Atoms are the smallest particle of an element that have the same chemical properties as the element.

11. Chemical Changes A chemical change is a change in matter that produces a new substance with different properties from the original. Rust is iron oxide: iron + oxygen = rust.

12. Chemical Changes A compound is a chemical combination of two or more substances. Sugar is composed of the elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen C 12 H 22 O 11 Carbonic acid is also composed of the elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

13. DO NOW Which of the following graphs shows how the temperatures of the two cups of water most likely changed over 30 minutes?.

14. Temperature and Heat: Energy Energy = the ability to move matter Any moving object has energy – Molecules – Cars – Balls – Bikes – A swung baseball bat

15. Moving Molecules Produce Heat Molecules move The average kinetic energy determines how hot or cold a material is…its temperature..

16. Two Kinds of energy: Kinetic and Potential.

17. Kinetic Energy The energy of any moving object – A speeding roller coaster dropping down a hill.

18. Potential Energy Energy stored in an object or material. – Moving an object upwards against gravity. A roller coaster climbing up to the next drop.

19. Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy

20. Heat Energy flows between two objects because they have different temperatures. Heat is a form of energy. Energy will flow from a hotter object to a cooler one and continue to flow until the objects are the same temperature..

21. Radiation, Conduction and Convection Radiation – The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. Conduction – The movement of energy through direct contact. Convection – The transfer of energy by the flow of a liquid or gas..

22. Electricity and Magnetism Static Electricity: when electrons move from one place to another and cause a buildup of an electrical charge.

23. Electricity and Magnetism Conductor: A material through which electricity flows easily - metals, water, humans Insulator: A material through which heat or electricity does not flow easily – rubber, wood, plastic

24. Electricity and Magnetism Open circuit: a circuit that has a gap, so electrons cannot flow. Close circuit: a circuit that has no gap, so electrons can flow.

25. Electricity and Magnetism Magnet: any object that attracts or repels other magnets, and also attracts metal objects made of iron, cobalt or nickel.

26. Speed and Distance Average speed = distance ÷ time 3000 m ÷ 15 min = 200m/min.