What is Matter? sound snow wood memories Mars clouds sand a sandwich Identify which of the following would be considered matter: sound snow wood memories Mars clouds sand a sandwich a computer sunlight a fingernail microwaves a rock thoughts paper the Sun gravity iron energy heat a spider a tree ice cream paint time

What is Matter? Matter = 16 , non-matter = 9 a rock the Sun energy Identify which of the following would be considered matter: a rock the Sun energy a computer a spider microwaves a tree paper paint iron snow heat memories ice cream clouds time a sandwich sound a fingernail wood thoughts Mars gravity sand Sunlight Matter = 16 , non-matter = 9

Other Definitions What are elements? An element is a pure substance that is made up of only one kind of atom. What are atoms? Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that maintains the identity of that element. What are compounds? A compound is a substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

Properties of Matter Properties of matter can be divided into two categories: A physical property can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes and turn into another substance. It changes the chemical identity of the substance.

Some examples of Physical Properties: Melting point Boiling point Brittleness Color Solubility (can it dissolve?)

Some examples of Chemical Properties: Reactive Flammable Explosive Toxicity

Changes in Matter Changes in matter can be divided into two categories: A physical change is a change in a substance that does not change the identity of the substance. A chemical change is a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances with a new chemical identity. A chemical change is also called a chemical reaction.

States of Matter There are four states of Matter: Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Any change in state (phase change) is a physical change since the chemical identity is untouched

States of Matter States of matter on the molecular level

States of Matter : important properties Property Solid Liquid Gas Shape Definite Indefinite Volume Expansion upon Heating Very slight/none Moderate Great Compressibility Minimal affect Easily compressed with pressure Appearance of Particles Particles are closely packed, rotate from a fixed position Attraction of particles, allow for them to touch but able to “flow”. Particles are far apart with little/no attraction.

Classification of Matter Pure Substance- definite composition and cannot be easily separated. Mixture- blend of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means (size, solubility, boiling point, etc.)

Classification of Matter Pure Substance- Elements Compounds Mixtures- Homogeneous (uniform throughout) Heterogeneous ( non-uniform, distinct phase)

Classification of Matter 1. Yes No Can it be separated? 2. 3. Is the composition uniform? Can it be decomposed by ordinary means? Yes No No Yes 4. 6. 7. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Is the composition uniform? Can it be decomposed by ordinary means? 1. Matter Yes No Can it be separated? 2. 3. Mixture Pure Substance Is the composition uniform? Can it be decomposed by ordinary means? Yes No No Yes 4. 6. 7. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Is the composition uniform? Can it be decomposed by ordinary means? 1. Matter Yes No Can it be physically separated? 2. 3. Mixture Pure Substance Is the composition uniform? Can it be decomposed by ordinary means? Yes No No Yes Compound Element Heterogeneous Homogeneous 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Know your Elements! Elements are the simplest form of matter. Elements are the building blocks of all substances and cannot be easily divided into smaller subunits by ordinary chemical processes. Elements are organized by atomic number on the periodic table. Elements are identified by their symbols.

Elements & Symbols The symbol of an element is often taken from its name. The first letter is always capitalized. If an element starts with the same letter as another element, sometime the first two letters are used. The second letter is always lowercase. Some elements have symbols that don’t match the name of the element because their name comes from another language. element song

Groups – vertical columns, #1-18, elements within the same group have Groups – vertical columns, #1-18, elements within the same group have similar chemical properties. Periods – horizontal rows

Elements & Symbols Hydrogen Carbon Sodium Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Helium Lead Chlorine Magnesium

Elements & Symbols Hydrogen Carbon Sodium Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Helium Lead Chlorine Magnesium H C Na N O F He Pb Cl Mg

Elements & Symbols Potassium Sulfur Copper Silver Gold Iron Nickel Zinc Aluminum Calcium

Elements & Symbols Potassium Sulfur Copper K Silver S Gold Cu Iron Ag Nickel Zinc Aluminum Calcium K S Cu Ag Au Fe Ni Zn Al Ca

What are Compounds? Compounds are substances that are made up of two or more types of atoms. Atoms in a compound are held together by chemical bonds. Compounds can be broken into simpler substance through chemical processes. Compounds are described using chemical formulas. The symbols tell what element and the subscript tells us how many. Some examples of common compounds include: Water – H2O , Carbon Dioxide CO2, Sugar – C12H22O11

Common compounds Name Formula Water H2O Carbon Dioxide CO2 Sugar C12H22O11 Sodium Chloride NaCl Ammonia NH3 Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2 Methane CH4