1. Unit four: Matter
What is matter
Properties of matter
States of matter

2. Chemistry & Matter What is Chemistry?
“Chemistry is the study of the structure, function, and composition of matter”

3. What is Matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

4. What is Matter? sound snow wood memories Mars clouds sand a sandwich
Identify which of the following would be considered matter:
sound
snow
wood
memories
Mars
clouds
sand
a sandwich
a computer
sunlight
a fingernail
microwaves
a rock
thoughts
paper
the Sun
gravity
iron
energy
heat
a spider
a tree
ice cream
paint
time

5. What is Matter? Matter = 16 , non-matter = 9 a rock the Sun energy
Identify which of the following would be considered matter:
a rock
the Sun
energy
a computer
a spider
microwaves
a tree
paper
paint
iron
snow
heat
memories
ice cream
clouds
time
a sandwich
sound
a fingernail
wood
thoughts
Mars
gravity
sand
Sunlight
Matter = 16 , non-matter = 9

6. Other definitions: What are elements?
An element is a pure substance that is made up of only one kind of atom.
What are atoms?
Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that maintains the identity of that element.
What are compounds?
A compound is a substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

7. Know your Elements! Elements are the simplest form of matter.
Elements are the building blocks of all substances and cannot be easily divided into smaller subunits by ordinary chemical processes.
Elements are organized by atomic number on the periodic table.
Elements are identified by their symbols.

8. Elements & Symbols
The symbol of an element is often taken from its name.
The first letter is always capitalized.
If an element starts with the same letter as another element, sometime the first two letters are used.
The second letter is always lowercase.
Some elements have symbols that don’t match the name of the element because their name comes from another language.
element song

9. Elements & Symbols Hydrogen Carbon Sodium Nitrogen H Oxygen C Na
Fluorine
Helium
Lead
Chlorine
Magnesium H C Na N O F He Pb Cl Mg

10. Elements & Symbols Potassium Sulfur Copper K Silver S Gold Cu Iron Ag
Nickel
Zinc
Aluminum
Calcium K S Cu Ag Au Fe Ni Zn Al Ca

11. What are Compounds?
Compounds are substances that are made up of two or more types of atoms.
Atoms in a compound are held together by chemical bonds.
Compounds can be broken into simpler substance through chemical processes.
Compounds are described using chemical formulas. The symbols tell what element and the subscript tells us how many.
Some examples of common compounds include:
Water – H2O , Carbon Dioxide CO2, Sugar – C12H22O11

12. Common compounds Name Formula Water H2O Carbon Dioxide CO2 Sugar
C12H22O11
Sodium Chloride
NaCl
Ammonia
NH3
Hydrogen Peroxide
H2O2
Methane
CH4

13. Properties of Matter
Properties of matter can be divided into two categories: A physical property can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes and turn into another substance. It changes the chemical identity of the substance.

14. Some examples of Physical Properties:
Melting point
Boiling point
Brittleness
Color
Solubility (can it dissolve?)

15. Some examples of Chemical Properties:
Reactive
Flammable
Explosive
Toxicity

16. Changes in Matter
Changes in matter can be divided into two categories:
A physical change is a change in a substance that does not change the identity of the substance.
A chemical change is a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances with a new chemical identity.
A chemical change is also called a chemical reaction.

17. States of Matter
The three states of matter include: Solid: Liquid: Gas States of matter interactive
State
Volume
Shape
Solid
definite
Liquid
indefinite
Gas

18. States of matter
Solid
Gas
Liquid

19. Phase Change & Energy
Background to states of matter and phase changes:.
Particles of matter are in constant motion.
Energy in motion is called kinetic energy.
Temperature describes the kinetic energy of matter.
example of states of matter and energy

20. Phase Change & Energy
As temperature increases : Kinetic energy ____ Particles moves ____ As temperature decreases : Kinetic energy ____

21. Energy and phase change
When Heated:
Solid  liquid  gas
When Cooled:
Gas  liquid  solids
A change in state (phase change) is a physical change.

22. Energy & phase change