Lincoln understood that slavery was important to the South’s success in the war; abolitionists were calling for emancipation.

Draft…what are your thoughts?

Standard : Trace the boundaries constituting the North and the South, the geographical differences between the two regions, and the differences between agrarians and industrialists. Standard : Identify the constitutional issues posed by the doctrine of nullification and secession and the earliest origins of that doctrine. Standard : Discuss Abraham Lincoln’s presidency and his significant writings and speeches and their relationship to the Declaration of Independence, such as his Emancipation Proclamation (1863). Standard : Study the views and lives of leaders (e.g., Ulysses S. Grant, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee) and soldiers on both sides of the war, including those of black soldiers and regiments. Standard : Explain how the war affected combatants, civilians, the physical environment, and future warfare.

emancipate: free Horace Greeley habeas corpus: a constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment. draft: a system of required military service. income tax: a tax on the money people receive. inflation: a general rise in prices.

Main Idea & Details 1.Fold 1 paper into 6 sections for notes. 1.Write down the section heading and the main idea. You will fill in the details at the end of the lesson.

Emancipating the Enslaved Lincoln was slow to decide on emancipation but finally embraced it as a necessary war measure.  On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the final Emancipation Proclamation.  The Proclamation freed enslaved people only in areas that were fighting the Union. Safari Montage The Civil War: Forever Free Chapter 8: The Higher Object: Lincoln… (9 min 10 sec)

African Americans Help the Union African Americans fought for the Union and made other contributions to the war effort.  African American soldiers were not permitted to join the Union army until after the Emancipation Proclamation.  Ultimately, 189,000 African Americans served in the Union army or navy.  Thousands supported the Union in noncombat roles.  They often worked for Union armies as cooks, wagon drivers, and hospital aides.

Divisions Over the War On both sides, pursuit of the war was hampered by disagreements among the people.  Not all northerners supported a war to end slavery.  Not all white southerners supported a war to defend slavery or secession.

The Draft Laws Both sides found it necessary to draft men into military service.  Between 300,000 and 550,000 Union and Confederate soldiers left their units and went home.  The Confederacy passed a law requiring white men between 18 and 35 to serve for three years. Later changed to 17 and 50.  In the South, a man who held at least 20 enslaved people did not have to serve.  Both sides allowed draftees to hire substitutes.  Northerners could avoid the draft by paying the government $300.

The War and Economic Strains The war strained the finances of governments and individuals.  To pay the costs of fighting the war, Congress levied the first income tax in American history.  The Union also printed $400 million of paper money to help pay its expenses.  The extra money caused the prices of goods to increase an average of 80% during the war.

Women in the Civil War The war opened many new opportunities for women, who contributed greatly to the war effort. Safari Montage The Civil War Chapter 7: Women During the Civil War (2 min 25 sec)

Quick Quiz for Sections 3 & 4

INDEPENDENT WORK 1.Read pages ___-___in the History textbook. 1.Take more detailed notes based on the “big idea” concepts just introduced.

HOMEWORK CONNECTION  Complete 11-3/11-4 Section Quizzes  Write a detailed SUMMARY of the section and complete the UNANSWERED QUESTIONS section of your notes.  Choose two of the remaining Depth & Complexity ICONS in your notes and explain how they relate to this section.