SC.912.L.14.7 By: Joselyn Turcios

Roots Anchors the plant in place and prevent the plant from moving Absorbs water and nutrients from the soil Stores water and food in certain types of plants Provides host sites for bacteria and fungi

Stems They are an organ that holds upright the plants so they absorb sunlight and air Transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves Each node is a bud of meristem tissue that divides and specializes to form a certain structure Ground tissue forms the interior of the stem which fills water to support the plant Bundles of vascular tissue run through the ground tissue of a stem and transports fluids

Leaves Stores food and water and modified to meet necessary functions The tissues are made of cells Example: Mesophyll cells Major job for leaves is to accomplish photosynthesis Are flat and thin that allows sunlight to penetrate the deepest tissues of the leaf Leaves are the primary site of photosynthesis

Flowers Are an reproductive organ that are monoecious and diecious Pollen and ovules are produced normally through the process of meiosis Visually attracts pollinators sometimes even with scented attracted like nectar Insects get attracted and transfer pollen between the flowers and help to pollinate Provides a platform for fertilized ovules to develop and distribute flower and seeds

Fruit An ovarian organ Only found in angiosperms Protects the seeds which the contain the embryo and endosperm in the seed coat The flesh of the fruit attracts animals to spread the seeds

Cones An organ that contains reproductive structures Female cones contain ovules, when fertilized by pollen they become seeds Male cones produces pollen that are usually herbaceous

Photosynthesis Process used by plants and other autotrophic organisms that convert light into energy from the sun Photosynthetic tissue in a leaf is called mesophyll Chlorophyll are pigments of photosynthesis produced in chloroplasts in the photosynthetic tissues of leaves

Cellular Respiration Plants use respiration to convert the energy in glucose molecules This process consumes glucose and oxygen same as in animals The energy released during the break down of carbonhydrates is stored in specialized molecules for later use

Transportation Plants with a transport system are called Vascular plants Transports water, minerals, and food for the plant Xylem and phloem transport the water, nutrients, and starch to the various parts of the plants The transporting system extends from the roots through the stems

Growth and Reproduction Plants show a indeterminate growth Meristematic tissues continues to rapidly divide that produces undifferentiated cells Plants do not have a pre-programmed body plan Reproduction in plants is either sexual or asexual Sexual reproduction produces an offspring by the fusion of gametes Asexual reproduction are do not produce an offspring with the fusion of gametes

Meristematic Is the tissue in most plants consisting of meristematic cells It is located in the apical meristems at the growing point of stems and roots Meristematic cells permit growth of stems and roots

Ground The ground tissue system synthesizes organic compound that supports the plant Provides storage for the plant Most of it is made up of parenchyma cells Parenchyma cells synthesize and store organic products in a plant Collenchyma cells have a support system in young plants Sclerechyma cells have a hardening agent and are more rigid that supports plants

Dermal and Vascular Tissue Dermal tissue consists of epidermis and the periderm The epidermis is the plant’s “skin” that retains water and contains stomata The periderm is multilayered that consists of phellem, phelloderm, phellogen Vascular tissue is mostly made of xylem and phloem Allows water and other nutrients to be transported throughout the plant

Cambium and Guard Cells Responsible for secondary growth in a plant Produces phloem towards the outside of the plant Produces xylem towards the inside of the plant Guard cells regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata It opens when there is too much water

Phloem Is mostly composed of sieve-tube cells and companion cells These cells help in the transportation of sugar and nutrients produced during photosynthesis Companion cells possess a nucleus and transports sugar in and out of the sieve- tubes

Root Hairs Increases absorption by the increase of the total surface of the root Absorbs water and inorganic nutirents Anchors the plant’s body to the ground Stores food and nutrients

Root Cap Is a small cone of cells Protects the apical meristem as the root moves through the ground during the growth Found covering the tip of a root behind is where the root mostly grows

Seed Are flowering plants It protects the plant by food which inside is a seed that is coated for protection Provides the development on a plant to allow the plant to reproduce itself

Stomata Plants having tiny openings or pores formed by guard cells Located on the outer skin layer of a plant The important role is to let water vapor, gases, and oxygen to move quickly in and out of the plant’s leaf

Xylem Consists of two types of cells, tracheids and vessel elements Tracheids and vessel elements form tube- shaped structures providing pathways for water and minerals Tracheids are non-living cells and are found in all vascular plants Vessels are found only in angiosperms

Stamen The male reproduction organ of flowers Consists anther and filament Anther carries sperm and produces pollen causing the process of meiosis Filament holds the anther to the flower

Pistil The female reproduction organ of flowers which receives the pollen and produces seeds Made up of three parts: Stigma- the head of the pistil Style- the long part of the pistil Ovary- encloses the ovule that forms the fruit later on

Ovary Plant’s female organ of the flower that holds ovules After fertilization by pollen it later becomes the fruit of the plant

Petals Assists in pollination in order for flowers to reproduce Attracts pollinators by the colors and scent to get nectar Protects the female and male reproductive parts of the plant

Sperm and Egg Sperm nuclei are produced inside the pollen grains Directs the growth the pollen tube to the ovule in the ovary Produced in the anthers through meiosis or meiotic cell division Eggs are formed in the ovules The egg carries the other half of the chromosome set from the parent mother

Sepal Green-leaf like structures that enclose and protects the developing flower Modified leaf in the outer most whorl calyx of a flower Allows the calyx to open and has a rigid support for petals and reproductive organs

Filament and Anther Filament is one of the two main part of the male flower’s reproductive organ Part of the stamen that connects the anther to the corolla Filament supports the anther Anther is the other main part of the male flower’s reproductive organ Made up of pollen sacs which contain pollen grains

Style and Stigma Styles is the male gamete that travels down the style of the flower to its female ovule Connects stigma to the ovary A receptive surface where pollen lands and germinates its pollen tube Part of the stigma is corn silk