The Evolution of Leisure, Recreation, and Play Chapter 2 HPR 200 Spring 2011

Quiz Name the three components of leisure. (2 pts) Name the three ways to conceptualize leisure. (2 pts) Identify the three components of play. (1 pt)

Defining Leisure Elements –Perceived freedom –Autotelic activity –Beneficial outcome Conceptualizations –Time –Activity –State of mind

Play Spontaneity Expressive Done for its own sake

Questions

Evolution Continuous change Worse to better Simple to more complex

Evolutionary Continuum Early societies Old world societies New world societies Middle-era societies Modern societies

Lets talk history… In early cultures and societies, would recreation have been valued? Why or why not? In what forms? How might religion and social hierarchy have been factors? As societies diversified, how did recreation change? “the life of every man…solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” —Hobbes –How might this have applied to the ability to recreate?

In the earliest societies Recreation was reserved for the general populations only on special occasions such as religious holidays or feast days. More wealthy members in more complex class systems may have been members of leisure classes.

Early Societies Fire Tribes and chiefdoms –Rituals –Taboos –Religion Primitive states –Leisure class –Amusive leisure

Old World Societies Mesopotamia Ancient Egypt Ancient Israel Ancient Greece Ancient Rome

Mesopotamia Written communication Wheel 60-minute hour 360 degree circle Code of law Hanging Gardens of Babylon (key development)

Ancient Egypt Pharaoh, nobility, craftsmen, peasants Religious ceremonies Affluent class engaged in sports

Ancient Israel Monotheism Sabbath Singing and dancing

Ancient Greece Schole Olympics Aristotle

Aristotle’s Three Levels of Leisure Contemplation Recreation Amusement

Ancient Rome Seized captives Upper class 50 to 175 holidays

New World Societies Mayans –Special festivals –Dramatic performances Aztecs –Stratified society –Hunting

Middle Era Societies China Japan India Islam Europe

China Affluent class Peasant class Leisure class Fireworks Novels

Japan Privileged class Farmers Role of women Samurai Sumo wrestling

India Caste system Wealth = leisure

Islam Sabbath for recreation and leisure Large public festivals Separation between men and women

Europe European revival –Merchant class European renaissance –Church of Rome lost power –Exploration by wealthy

Modern Societies British experience French experience German experience American experience

British Royalty, aristocrats, and commoners Second home for leisure Vacations Sports

French 52 sabbaths 90 rest days 38 holidays Monarchy restricted leisure time Granted public access to estates

German Turnen Turnplatz Christian and pagan holidays Oktoberfest

American Puritans Revolutionary War YMCA/YMHA Unique American holidays Television Travel