CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The transport system for your body

H&W Outcome I am developing my understanding of the human body and can use this knowledge to maintain and improve my wellbeing and health. HWB 3-15a / HWB 4-15a Throughout this unit, the following Health and Wellbeing learning outcome will be covered in great detail: H&W

Lesson 8 – Learning outcomes Know the function of the circulatory system Know the function of the circulatory system Know the main organs of the circulatory system Know the main organs of the circulatory system Know what substances are carried by the circulatory system Know what substances are carried by the circulatory system Know the structure of the heart, and the function of each side of the heart Know the structure of the heart, and the function of each side of the heart

The circulatory system We need to deliver various essential substances to our cells, and remove waste materials from our cells. We need to deliver various essential substances to our cells, and remove waste materials from our cells. The blood carries all of these substances from one place to another. The blood carries all of these substances from one place to another. Your blood carries food (from your digestive system) and oxygen (from your lungs) to your body’s cells. Your blood carries food (from your digestive system) and oxygen (from your lungs) to your body’s cells. It also carries waste materials away from the cells. It also carries waste materials away from the cells. As well as this, blood carries heat around the body. As well as this, blood carries heat around the body.

The circulatory system consist of the heart and the blood vessels. Arteries are blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart Veins are blood vessels which carry blood back to the heart. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels which connect arteries to veins. These are just some of the arteries and veins of the body.

Arteries take blood to all parts of the body. Arteries take blood to all parts of the body. They divide many times to form tiny capillaries. They divide many times to form tiny capillaries. These supply all the cells of the body with the food and oxygen they need. These supply all the cells of the body with the food and oxygen they need. Veins take blood containing carbon dioxide and waste materials away from the cells. Veins take blood containing carbon dioxide and waste materials away from the cells. The heart is a pump which keeps the blood moving around the body. The heart is a pump which keeps the blood moving around the body.

Summary note The job of the circulatory system is to _______________ materials around the body. The job of the circulatory system is to _______________ materials around the body. The ___________ is a pump which keeps blood moving around the body. The ___________ is a pump which keeps blood moving around the body. ___________ carry blood away from the heart to the body. These divide to form very tiny blood vessels called ___________. ___________ carry blood away from the heart to the body. These divide to form very tiny blood vessels called ___________. Food and ________ goes into the cells while _________ ________ and waste leaves the cells. Food and ________ goes into the cells while _________ ________ and waste leaves the cells. Capillaries join up to form ___________ which take the blood back to the heart. Capillaries join up to form ___________ which take the blood back to the heart. COPY AND COMPLETE ANSWERS ON THE NEXT SLIDE

Summary note The job of the circulatory system is to move/transport materials around the body. The job of the circulatory system is to move/transport materials around the body. The heart is a pump which keeps blood moving around the body. The heart is a pump which keeps blood moving around the body. Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the body. These divide to form very tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the body. These divide to form very tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Food and oxygen goes into the cells while carbon dioxide and waste leaves the cells. Food and oxygen goes into the cells while carbon dioxide and waste leaves the cells. Capillaries join up to form veins which take the blood back to the heart. Capillaries join up to form veins which take the blood back to the heart. ANSWERS

The Heart Your teacher will show you a model of the human heart The heart has four chambers, two on the left side and two on the right side. (Look carefully at the diagram – what do you notice!) The heart has four chambers, two on the left side and two on the right side. (Look carefully at the diagram – what do you notice!) The aorta is the main artery taking blood away from the heart. It branches into smaller arteries which go to all parts of the body. The aorta is the main artery taking blood away from the heart. It branches into smaller arteries which go to all parts of the body.

Circulation of blood The right side pumps The right side pumps blood to the lungs to blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and pick up oxygen and get rid of carbon get rid of carbon dioxide. dioxide. The left side pumps The left side pumps blood to the rest of blood to the rest of the body. the body. After delivering oxygen After delivering oxygen to the cells, the blood to the cells, the blood returns to the right side returns to the right side of the heart again. of the heart again.

Listen to your heart Your teacher will show you how to use the stethoscope. It is important to clean it with disinfectant before and after you use it. Place the end of the stethoscope against your skin, just to the left of the middle of your chest. Can you hear the two sounds the heart makes for each beat ?– this sound is sometimes called ‘Lub-DUB’.

Did you know? The heart beats about 100,000 times each day. The electrocardiograph (ECG) was invented in 1902 by Dutch physiologist Willem Einthoven. This test is still used to evaluate the heart's rate and rhythm. Your system of blood vessels - arteries, veins and capillaries - is over 60,000 miles long. That's long enough to go around the world more than twice! The ‘lub-DUB’ sound of the heart is caused when the heart valves (like tiny doors) close. Early Egyptians believed that the heart and other major organs had wills of their own and would move around inside the body.

Notes Complete pupil sheet ‘The Heart’ and stick it into your notebook. Complete pupil sheet ‘The Heart’ and stick it into your notebook.

right atrium right ventricle left ventricle left atrium aorta

Heart beating animations Heart beat animation (15 seconds) Heart beat animation (15 seconds) Heart beat animation (15 seconds Heart beat animation (15 seconds The ‘glass heart’ animation The ‘glass heart’ animation The ‘glass heart’ animation The ‘glass heart’ animation Real footage of a human heart beating – not for the squeamish! Real footage of a human heart beating – not for the squeamish! Real footage of a human heart beating – not for the squeamish! Real footage of a human heart beating – not for the squeamish!

Videos The Heart (includes Heart dissection) 5 mins The Heart (includes Heart dissection) 5 mins The Heart (includes Heart dissection) 5 mins The Heart (includes Heart dissection) 5 mins Circulation of blood (performed by Circulation of blood (performed by Circulation of blood (performed by Circulation of blood (performed by primary pupils) 3 min 28sec primary pupils) 3 min 28sec Circulation (animation) 1min 7 sec Circulation (animation) 1min 7 sec Circulation (animation) 1min 7 sec Circulation (animation) 1min 7 sec Follow a blood cell (animation) Follow a blood cell (animation) Follow a blood cell (animation) Follow a blood cell (animation)

Interactive Find the heart Find the heart Find the heart Find the heart Healthy heart interactive games (British Heart Foundation) Healthy heart interactive games (British Heart Foundation) Healthy heart interactive games (British Heart Foundation) Healthy heart interactive games (British Heart Foundation)

Test Your Knowledge Name the organ which pumps blood around the body Name two substances carried in the blood How many chambers are there in the heart? Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs? What name is given to blood vessels which take blood back to the heart from the body? Name the waste gas produced by cells which is taken by the bloodstream back to the lungs to be breathed out What name is given to the smallest blood vessels in the body? ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE

Answers Heart Oxygen, carbon dioxide, food, waste, heat Four Right side Veins Carbon dioxide Capillaries

Lesson 9 – Learning outcomes Know about the composition of blood Know about the composition of blood Know what each component of blood does Know what each component of blood does Know approximately what volume of blood is in the human body Know approximately what volume of blood is in the human body Do calculations concerning blood cells Do calculations concerning blood cells

What is blood? Blood seems to be a red liquid, but the liquid part is really pale yellow. You can show this by leaving some blood to settle. Blood seems to be a red liquid, but the liquid part is really pale yellow. You can show this by leaving some blood to settle. This liquid is called plasma. This liquid is called plasma. The red colour is due to the red blood cells (RBCs). The red colour is due to the red blood cells (RBCs). There are also white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets. There are also white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets.

What does each part of the blood do? Red blood cells are the oxygen carriers. Red blood cells are the oxygen carriers. Animation of red blood cells Animation of red blood cellsAnimation of red blood cellsAnimation of red blood cells White blood cells are part of the body’s defences and help to fight infection. White blood cells are part of the body’s defences and help to fight infection. White blood cells engulfing bacteria White blood cells engulfing bacteriaWhite blood cells engulfing bacteriaWhite blood cells engulfing bacteria Platelets help to heal wounds by clotting the blood at the site of an injury. Platelets help to heal wounds by clotting the blood at the site of an injury. Action of platelets at a wound Action of platelets at a woundAction of platelets at a woundAction of platelets at a wound Plasma is mainly water and carries dissolved food, waste, carbon dioxide and many other chemicals around the body. Plasma is mainly water and carries dissolved food, waste, carbon dioxide and many other chemicals around the body.

Blood cells White blood cells stained purple Lots of red blood cells and one white blood cell

Functions of blood Copy and complete the table to show the function of each part of the blood Copy and complete the table to show the function of each part of the blood Part of blood AppearanceFunction Red blood cells Disc shaped cells Irregular shaped cells Small fragments Clotting of blood Pale yellowy liquid Carries food, waste and carbon dioxide COPY AND COMPLETE

Functions of blood Copy and complete the table to show the function of each part of the blood Copy and complete the table to show the function of each part of the blood Part of blood AppearanceFunction Red blood cells Disc shaped cells Carry oxygen White blood cells Irregular shaped cells Fight infection Platelets Small fragments Clotting of blood Plasma Pale yellowy liquid Carries food, waste and carbon dioxide ANSWERS

How much blood? Look at the jar containing the ‘blood’. Look at the jar containing the ‘blood’. This represents the average volume of blood in the human body. This represents the average volume of blood in the human body. Estimate how much blood you have in your body and write it down in your notebook. Estimate how much blood you have in your body and write it down in your notebook.

Were you right? The average volume of blood in the human body is 5 litres

How many blood cells? Each millilitre of blood contains about 5 million white blood cells. Each millilitre of blood contains about 5 million white blood cells. There are 1000 red blood cells for every white blood cell. There are 1000 red blood cells for every white blood cell. Try these calculations Try these calculations 1. Calculate the number of red blood cells in one millilitre. 1. Calculate the number of red blood cells in one millilitre. 2. Calculate the number of red blood cells in the 2. Calculate the number of red blood cells in the average human body. average human body.

Answers million million million million million million (Is this 25 billion or 25 trillion?) Link to Oxford Dictionary definition

Test Your Knowledge Which type of blood cells are involved in fighting infection? Which type of blood cells carry oxygen? What is the function of platelets? What name is given to the liquid part of the blood that the cells float in? Approximately how much blood is in the human body? ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE

Answers White Red Clotting of the blood at a wound Plasma Approximately 5 litres

Lesson 10 - Learning outcomes Know the effect of exercise on the heart rate (pulse rate) Know the effect of exercise on the heart rate (pulse rate) Learn about different ways to take a pulse Learn about different ways to take a pulse Carry out an investigation to show how heart rate is affected by level of exercise Carry out an investigation to show how heart rate is affected by level of exercise Understand why this happens Understand why this happens Know the relationship between resting heart rate and fitness Know the relationship between resting heart rate and fitness H&W

How fast does your heart beat? Every time your heart beats, it causes a pulse in your arteries. Every time your heart beats, it causes a pulse in your arteries. This pulse can be felt at your wrist or your neck. This pulse can be felt at your wrist or your neck. Measuring your pulse rate tells you how fast your heart is beating. (Pulse rate = heart rate) Measuring your pulse rate tells you how fast your heart is beating. (Pulse rate = heart rate) Pulse rate is measured in beats per minute. Pulse rate is measured in beats per minute. COPY H&W

Taking a pulse There are two places you can feel a pulse – your wrist or your neck. Look carefully at the pictures and then try each method. There are two places you can feel a pulse – your wrist or your neck. Look carefully at the pictures and then try each method. H&W

How does exercise affect your heart rate? You will investigate the effect of exercise on the heart rate. You will investigate the effect of exercise on the heart rate. You will measure your pulse rate sitting down, after having been sitting for at least 5 minutes. You will measure your pulse rate sitting down, after having been sitting for at least 5 minutes. Your teacher will then tell you what gentle exercise to do. Your teacher will then tell you what gentle exercise to do. You will measure your pulse rate again, as soon as you have stopped. You will measure your pulse rate again, as soon as you have stopped. Next your teacher will tell you what vigorous exercise to do. Next your teacher will tell you what vigorous exercise to do. As soon as you stop, measure your pulse rate again. As soon as you stop, measure your pulse rate again. Before you start you must prepare a results table (next slide). Before you start you must prepare a results table (next slide). H&W

Effect of exercise on pulse rate Activity Pulse rate (beats per minute) At rest After gentle exercise (eg walking) After vigorous exercise (eg running on spot) COPY AND COMPLETE H&W

Conclusion Discuss with a partner and answer these questions in sentences What effect does increased activity have on the heart rate? Explain why this happens When do you think your heart rate is at its lowest? H&W

Heart rate and fitness Your resting heart rate can give an indication of how fit you are. Your resting heart rate can give an indication of how fit you are. The average resting heart rate for a healthy adult is 72 beats per minute. The average resting heart rate for a healthy adult is 72 beats per minute. The lower the resting heart rate, the fitter the person is. The lower the resting heart rate, the fitter the person is. You can monitor your own fitness level over time by checking your resting heart rate regularly. You can monitor your own fitness level over time by checking your resting heart rate regularly. Compare the resting heart rate you got Compare the resting heart rate you got in your Science class with the resting rate in your Science class with the resting rate you got in PE (this should be noted in you got in PE (this should be noted in your planner). your planner). Are they similar? If not, why do you think Are they similar? If not, why do you think this is? this is? H&W

Conclusion As exercise level increases, the pulse rate _______________. As exercise level increases, the pulse rate _______________. This means that the heart is beating _______________, which sends more blood around the body. This means that the heart is beating _______________, which sends more blood around the body. This is necessary because the muscle cells need more _________ and ____________ when they are working harder. This is necessary because the muscle cells need more _________ and ____________ when they are working harder. A fit person will have a ______ resting heart rate. A fit person will have a ______ resting heart rate. The average heart rate for a healthy adult is ______ beats per __________. The average heart rate for a healthy adult is ______ beats per __________. COPY AND COMPLETE H&W

Test Your Knowledge Name two places on the body where you can feel a pulse When you feel a pulse, what kind of blood vessel are you feeling – artery or vein? Jacob has a pulse rate of 70 beats per minute. What is his heart rate? Alisha has a resting heart rate of 59 beats per minute. Who is fitter – Jacob or Alisha? Why does the heart beat faster when you are running? (Mention leg muscles in your answer) ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE

Answers Wrist and neck Artery beats per minute Alisha Your leg muscles need more food and oxygen delivered to them as they are using up more energy.

Lesson 11 – Learning outcomes Understand the cellular process of respiration Understand the cellular process of respiration Know the difference between respiration and breathing Know the difference between respiration and breathing Know the link between respiration, breathing, digestion of food and circulation Know the link between respiration, breathing, digestion of food and circulation

Respiration – Cells releasing energy Once our food has been digested, it is absorbed into the blood and delivered to our cells by the blood. Once our food has been digested, it is absorbed into the blood and delivered to our cells by the blood. The oxygen we take in at the lungs is also delivered to our cells. The oxygen we take in at the lungs is also delivered to our cells. Our cells use oxygen to release energy from the food. This is the energy which keeps all our cells alive and allows us to move, keep warm and grow. Our cells use oxygen to release energy from the food. This is the energy which keeps all our cells alive and allows us to move, keep warm and grow. This chemical reaction in our cells is called respiration. It is the reason why we have to eat and breathe. This chemical reaction in our cells is called respiration. It is the reason why we have to eat and breathe.

Respiration – Cells Releasing Energy A human cell Digested food Oxygen Carbon dioxide water ENERGY is produced for heat, movement etc. The carbon dioxide and water produced by respiration are taken away by the blood. COPY this slide

Respiration and breathing Respiration equation Respiration equation Food + Oxygen Food + Oxygen Energy +Carbon Dioxide +Water Respiration happens inside every ______of the body. It is a chemical reaction which releases energy from _______. Breathing happens inside the _____. It is necessary to supply the ______ for respiration and to remove the _______ __________ produced by respiration. COPY AND COMPLETE

Body systems working together In order to keep our cells supplied with energy, several body systems work together. In order to keep our cells supplied with energy, several body systems work together. The digestive system breaks down food and gets it into the blood. The digestive system breaks down food and gets it into the blood. The breathing system adds oxygen to the blood The breathing system adds oxygen to the blood The circulatory system delivers this digested food and oxygen to the cells which need it for respiration. It also takes the carbon dioxide produced by respiration back to the lungs to be breathed out. The circulatory system delivers this digested food and oxygen to the cells which need it for respiration. It also takes the carbon dioxide produced by respiration back to the lungs to be breathed out. COPY

Test Your Knowledge Name the chemical reaction which releases energy from food What gas is needed for this reaction? What gas is produced by this reaction? State two things that the energy produced from this is used for by the body Why is breathing important for respiration? Why is digestion important for respiration? Why is the circulatory system important for respiration? ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE

Answers 1. Respiration 2. Oxygen 3. Carbon dioxide 4. Growth, heat, movement, keeping cells alive 5. Supplies the oxygen 6. Supplies the digested food 7. Delivers the food and oxygen to all cells

Research task Prepare a leaflet from A4 paper or a poster which gives people advice on how to keep their heart and circulatory system healthy. Prepare a leaflet from A4 paper or a poster which gives people advice on how to keep their heart and circulatory system healthy. Include information on diet, exercise and health risks to avoid. Include information on diet, exercise and health risks to avoid. Make it colourful and attractive. Make it colourful and attractive. Put a title and your name on your piece of work. Put a title and your name on your piece of work. H&WLITERACY

Literacy Outcomes Throughout the writing process, I can review and edit my writing independently to ensure that it meets its purpose and communicates meaning clearly at first reading. LIT 4-23a I can use a range of strategies and resources independently and ensure that my spelling, including specialist vocabulary, is accurate. LIT 4-21a I enjoy creating texts of my choice and I am developing my own style. I can regularly select subject, purpose, format and resources to suit the needs of my audience. LIT 4-20a LITERACY