Day Three: Listening, Ethics & Free Speech, Evaluating Speeches by Yana Cornish Hamilton Business College

Agenda: Homework Review Ethics and Free Speech Listening Evaluating Speeches Activities

Homework Assignment due next class session: Read Chapters 3 & 4 Put together Informative Survey: Select 3 topics for your informative speech (first 10 minute speech) Compose three questions about each topic Type it up and bring to class

Ethics and Free Speech

Speaking Freely Speech Protected by 1 st Amendment

Speak Ethically Good speakers accept and practice ethical communication Good speakers understand that their own credibility and the believability of their messages depends on audience members seeing them as honest, ethical speakers. The audience is more likely to believe what you say if they see you as an ethical speaker.

Ethics and Free Speech Ethical speaker – has a clear, responsible goal uses evidence and reasoning is sensitive to and tolerant of differences is honest avoids plagiarism (stealing ideas)

Speaking Ethically Have a Clear, Responsible Goal: No Hidden Agenda Not Coercive Not Inflammatory Gives Listeners Choices

Speaking Ethically Use Sound Evidence and Reasoning: Critical Thinking No Manipulation of Emotions Share All Information

Speaking Ethically Be Sensitive to and Tolerant of Differences: Accommodation Willingness to Listen Avoidance of Biased and Offensive Language

Speaking Ethically Be Honest: No Lies Accurate Illustrations Give Credit for Ideas and Information

Speaking Ethically Avoid Plagiarism: Plagiarism occurs when a speaker passes off the original ideas or research of another person as their own. Plagiarism is Stealing Patchwork Plagiarism Less Obvious Penalties for Plagiarism Cite your sources

Questions About Ethics Will your audience benefit from your speech? Have you used the information you gathered about your audience to serve them or deceive them? Are you using the setting and facilities responsibly?

Questions About Ethics Have you used valid information to support your key points? Have you used a clear organizational pattern to highlight important topics? Are you using an honest communication style, or are you acting out a false role?

Listening Learn how to listen and you will prosper—even from those who talk badly. - Plutarch

Understand Audience Memory Time Percent Remembered

The Listening Process Select Attend Understand Remember

The Listening Process Select – single out information from several competing messages Attend – select incoming information for further processing Understand – assign meaning to the stimuli to which you attend Remember – recall ideas and information

Effective Listening Good listening is a critical communication skill, whether you are giving a speech or in the audience. There is a difference between hearing and listening. Learn to listen and adjust to the audience.

Effective Listening Habits Plan to listen - find a personal reason to listen, do some prior study. Overcome distractions - it is your right to have a quiet, comfortable room, free of distractions. Listen for the big idea - identify the main ideas and listen for information about each.

Effective Listening Habits “Listen” to Nonverbal Behavior- pay attention to tone of voice, facial expression, eye contact, posture, and level of energy. Listen before you jump to conclusions- don’t make judgments about a speaker until you listen and try to understand them.

Listening Activity Group work: Read and report in class Group 1: Ch. 4 – barriers to listening Group 2: Ch. 4 – listening & critical thinking Group 3: Ch. 4 – becoming a better listener Reading- 5 minutes Discussion- 10 minutes Presentation- 3-5 minutes

Speak clearly with volume Overcome distractions Emphasize main ideas Adjust to feedback Adapt to cultures and backgrounds Give audience members a reason to listen Adapting to your audience

Adjust to Audience Feedback Make mid-presentation adjustments according to these questions: Do audience members appear to be listening? Do they understand what I’m saying or seem confused?

Analyzing and Evaluating Speeches

Evaluation Purpose: - Specific, achievable, relevant Audience: - adapts to the demographic characteristics, interests, knowledge, and attitudes of the audience Logistics: - adjust to the audience size, facilities, equipment, and time Content: - sufficient and valid supporting material

Evaluation Organization: - key points are clearly arranged and connected Credibility: - speaker appears to be confident and charismatic Performance: - visual aids, vocal and physical delivery are effective

Criteria for Evaluating Speeches Message Understood by Audience Message Achieves Intended Purpose Message is Ethical

Giving Feedback to Others Be Descriptive Be Specific Be Positive Be Constructive Be Sensitive Be Reliable

Giving Feedback to Yourself Reinforce Your Skills and Abilities Evaluate Your Effectiveness Identify Areas for Improvement

Homework Assignment due next class session: Read Chapters 3 & 4 Put together Informative Survey: Select 3 topics for your informative speech (first 10 minute speech) Compose three questions about each topic Type it up and bring to class