CHAPTER 14 PERSONAL CARE

YOUR TEETH Healthy teeth help you chew your food properly and speak clearly You have four kinds of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars

STRUCTURE OF THE TEETH The tooth has three basic structures: root, neck and crown The tooth is covered with a substance called enamel Cementum covers the tooth’s root Pulp is in center

Healthy gums should be pink and fit tightly around the neck of each tooth to hold it firmly in place.

By age 3 most children have all their first, or primary teeth. Around age 5 or 6 the primary teeth begin to fall out Primary teeth are replaced by 28 permanent teeth Wisdom teeth usually grow in between the ages of 17-21.

Structural problems Sometimes during the growth process problems can occur. When the top and bottom jaw do not meet properly that is called Malocclusion. People with structural problems may need to see an orthodontist.

Caring for teeth and gums Failing to properly care for teeth and gums can lead to Halitosis (bad breath). To prevent tooth decay: Healthy diet reduces acid producing bacteria (plaque) Wear mouth guard during contact sports Have a dental check up twice a year to identify any problems

Caring for your teeth Cavities form if plaque is not removed and the acid eats away at the enamel If plaque is not removed in 48 hours the film with harden into tartar which can irritate the gums This can lead to PERIDONTAL DISEASE Gingivitis is the early stage of gum disease.

Section 2 SKIN, HAIR, AND NAILS

YOUR SKIN

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN Skin covers and protects the body from injury, infection, and water loss It also helps to regulate body temperature and gathers information from the environment.

Consist of two layers: Epidermis (part you can see) Dermis (where oil glands, and hairs are found)

Caring for your skin Eating a healthy diet, drinking plenty of water and getting enough sleep will help to keep your skin healthy, The most important thing you can do is to avoid excess exposure to the sun and tanning lamps and to monitor any moles.

Over exposure to the sun can lead to skin cancer called melanoma. Often the first sign of melanoma is an irregular mole

ACNE- common skin problem caused by an excess production of oil and dead skin cells blocking the hair follicle For severe acne you should see a DERMATOLOGIST

HAIR Hair protects the scalp from the sun and insulates from the cold Hairs in the nose and ears and eyelashes prevent debris from entering the body.

NAILS Nails cover and protect the tips of the fingers and toes which come into frequent contact with objects In your environment Keep nails clean and smooth to stop the spread of microorganisms Clip nails straight across to prevent ingrown toe nails

YOUR EYES AND EARS SECTION 3

THE EYES The eyes are complex organs that respond to light by sending impulses. Your brain then interprets the impulses as images PARTS OF THE EYE: