HAPPY FRIDAY Bellwork Bellwork: Draw and Label the viruses above using the following terms: Capsid, DNA/RNA, Envelope. THEN…Bring up your bellwork so I can sign it.

Happy Tuesday Bellwork Draw and Label the viruses above using the following terms: Capsid, DNA/RNA, Envelope. CAPSID DNA RNA CAPSID RNA ENVELOPE

Essential Question: How does a virus reproduce? Standard: describe viral reproduction (B4C)

Virus and Microorganisms Notecards Pre-AP Biology Due Thursday (2/12/15) Antibiotic Bacilli Shaped Bacterium Bacteriophage Binary Fission Cocci Shaped Capsid Conjugation Gram Staining Host Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Immunization Influenza Lysogenic Cycle Lytic Cycle Lyse Microorganism Parasite Pathogen Retrovirus Spirilla Shaped Vaccine Virus

G. Vaccines 1. Viral diseases cannot be treated with antibiotics. 2. Vaccines are the best way to protect against viruses a) A vaccine is a dead or weakened version of a virus that is injected into a person to stimulate the immune system. b) Vaccines provide protection only if they are used before an infection begins.

When a virus invades…

D. Most viruses are not harmful to humans. 1. A pathogen is a disease-causing agent. 2. Viruses cause disease by disrupting the body’s normal equilibrium. 3. Viruses attack and destroy certain cells in the body, causing the symptoms of the disease.

H. Viral Reproduction 1. Once viral genes are inside the host cell, two processes may occur: the lytic cycle or the lysogenic cycle.

Lytic Cyle

a) Lytic Cycle 1. Viral genes are inserted into a host cell and take control of the cell 2. After more viruses are made, the host cell bursts and is destroyed 3. New viruses infect new host cells

Lytic Cycle - Viruses

b) Lysogenic Cycle 1. Virus makes its DNA a part of the host cell’s DNA (integrates) 2. Virus’s genetic information (DNA or RNA) replicates with the host cell’s DNA. 3. The DNA remains dormant in the host cell. 4. Virus’s DNA activates and switches back to the lytic cycle.

Lysogenic Cycle Hidden viruses “hide” for a while inside host cells before becoming active Steps to the Lysogenic Cycle: 1.Attach to cell 2.Inject DNA/RNA 3.Integrate DNA/RNA into cell 4.Wait 5.Remove DNA/RNA 6.Become active (lytic cycle)

Lysogenic Cycle - Viruses

DRAW THIS!!!

- Since viruses can transport DNA and RNA into cells, scientists are exploring Gene Therapy - In Gene Therapy, viral genetic material is replaced with new DNA - In time, this could be used to cure genetic diseases. Currently we have no cure for these types of illnesses

c) Viral diseases result in cell death

DRAW THIS!!!

Sage and Scribe: Cycle Steps Get into partners—decide who is partner A and who is partner B. – Partner A: Describe the steps for the Lytic cycle. – Partner B: Draw each step. After a few minutes, we will switch to the Lysogenic Cycle and you will switch roles.

Retroviruses A coloring assignment – read to give you the color key and answer ALL of the questions provided in the handout.