1. HAPPY TUESDAY
What you need: Writing Utensil, Journal and virus sheets.
Word Bank: Capsid, Envelope, Nucleic Acid, Glycoprotein (spike)
*words can be used more than once
Bellwork Today: Draw and Label the viruses from memory

2. Have Homework out to be checked.
Pre-AP
HAPPY TUESDAY
What you need: Writing Utensil, Journal and virus sheets.
Have Homework out to be checked.
Bellwork Today: Draw and Label the viruses from memory

3. Homework Check Pre -AP Mumps, Measels, HIV, Influenza, Rabies, Polio
They do not carry out respiration
They do not grow (or move)
They are named after the disease they cause (Rabies/Polio)
They are named after the organ tissue they infect (Adenoviruses)
Genetic Material
Envelope (lipid)
Capsid (protein)

4. Pre -AP
Homework Check
The capsid gives the virus its shape. The shape of the virus is what allows it to connect/attach to a cell like two interlocking pieces of a puzzle. Attachment is a very specific process. Shape determines function.
The shape of the virus makes it very specific, therefore a virus can enter and reproduce in only a few kinds of cells.

5. You have 4 minutes to glue in your: Lysogenic Sheet and Lytic sheet.

6. Set up today’s page in your journal…
Title: Viral Reproduction
Essential Question: What are the ways that viruses reproduce?

7. BIO.4C
The student will:
compare the structures of viruses to cells,
describe viral reproduction
describe the role of viruses in causing diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.

8. Notes Continued from Yesterday
Notecards due tomorrow
Word, Definition, Picture w/color
(Pre-AP) Project sketch/outline/rough draft due Thursday
Last day to make up “Most-Missed Quiz” grade is Friday
Virus extension assignment is due Monday
Test is Tuesday

9. Write this on your notes!
- Retroviruses: contain RNA instead of DNA. The RNA is copied backward, from RNA to DNA. - HIV is a retrovirus you will need to know.
AZT is a medication used to treat HIV by stopping an enzyme called reverse transcriptase
Write this on your notes!

10. Think-Pair-Share
Are viruses alive?
(Justify your answer)

11. Viruses are parasites (use other organisms to grow and reproduce)
Viruses are parasites (use other organisms to grow and reproduce) Viruses are NOT alive because they do not: a) grow and develop b) obtain and use energy (metabolism) c) respond to the environment d) consist of cells

12. Vaccines. 1. Viral diseases cannot be treated with antibiotics. 2
Vaccines 1. Viral diseases cannot be treated with antibiotics. 2. Vaccines are the best way to protect against viruses a) A vaccine is a dead or weakened version of a virus b) Vaccines provide protection only if they are used before an infection begins.

13. Most viruses are not harmful to humans. 1
Most viruses are not harmful to humans. 1. A pathogen is a disease-causing agent. 2. Viruses cause disease by disrupting the body’s normal equilibrium or homeostasis. 3. Viruses attack and destroy certain cells in the body, causing the symptoms of the disease.

14. When a virus invades…

15. Viruses have both living and nonliving characteristics.
Reproduce Quickly
Need a host cell to function
They have DNA/RNA
Not made of cells
They can Mutate
Do Not Grow/Develop
Do not Metabolize/use energy
Do not react to the environment

16. So…if viruses aren’t living, how do they reproduce?

17. There are two ways a virus can accomplish this….
Viruses cannot reproduce on their own!
The virus must “use the host cells’ machinery” to make more viruses
There are two ways a virus can accomplish this….

18. 1. Lysogenic Cycle

19. Take a look at your “Lysogenic” sheet.
Without me telling you anything, what do you think is happening in the diagram?
*remember what you learned yesterday about virus structure 

20. 1. Lysogenic Cycle
Viruses “hide” for a while inside host cells before becoming active
Example = HIV, Herpes, HPV
Steps to the Lysogenic Cycle:
Virus attaches to cell
Virus injects DNA/RNA
Virus DNA/RNA Integrates and Waits (months or years) in cell DNA
Virus DNA removes/detaches from cell DNA
Becomes active (starts lytic cycle)
Cell undergoes “lysis” (bursts)

21. Lysogenic Cycle
- Viruses

22. Ways to remember…
Lysogenic is a Looooooong word
LYS-ogenic---> sounds like “lies” around or “lays low”

23. Lysogenic Example: HIV
Enveloped virus
Retroviruses transcribe RNA to DNA.
Two viral strands of RNA found in core surrounded by protein capsid.

24. AIDS
White blood count drops below 200 person is considered to have advanced HIV disease
Most deaths occur with a white blood count less than 50
AZT = medicine used to treat HIV/AIDS
Blocks “reverse trascriptase”

25. Lytic Cycle

26. Take a look at your “Lytic” sheet.
Without me telling you anything, what do you think is happening in the diagram?
*remember what you just learned about virus replication 

27. Lytic Cycle Steps to the lytic cycle: Attach to cell Inject DNA/RNA
Lysis- to cut or to burst
Active viruses enter cells and immediately begin to multiply, leading to the quick death of the invaded cells.
Steps to the lytic cycle:
Attach to cell
Inject DNA/RNA
Produce (replicate) virus parts
Assemble new virons
Cell undergoes “Lysis”- viruses are released to infect other cells

28. Lytic Cycle
- Viruses

29. Ways to remember Lytic = the shorter word, therefore shorter cycle
Lytic = Bang Bang (kill you dead)
Lytic  sounds like you got “lit up”

30. Lytic Example: Influenza
Enveloped virus with a segmented RNA
Symptoms appear within days/weeks
Infects a wide range of animals other than humans
Undergoes extensive mutations
Causes the flu
Influenza A virus is the second acute infection to be discussed.
Myxovirus
Enveloped virus with a segmented RNA genome
Infects a wide range of animals other than humans
Undergoes extensive antigenic variation
Major cause of respiratory infections

31. Spread of influenza virus
Respiratory aerosoles can be generated from the respiratory tract by various means – from speaking to sneezing.
During a sneeze, millions of tiny droplets of water and mucus are expelled at about 200 miles per hour (100 metres per second). The droplets initially are about micrometres diameter, but they dry rapidly to droplet nuclei of 1-4 micrometres, containing virus particles or bacteria. This is a major means of transmission of several diseases of humans.

32. How can viruses cause cancer
How can viruses cause cancer? Some virus infections can cause cancer, though the disease often appears several decades afterwards. For example, cancer of the cervix is linked to infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV) that causes genital warts. In this case, the DNA in the virus mixes with the cell's DNA, triggering changes that make the cell grow and multiply out of control. From 2009, girls in the UK have had access to a vaccine that prevents infection with HPV and thus protect them from developing cervial cancer as a result.

33. Today’s Activity: Sage and Scribe

34. Sage and Scribe worksheet
Partner A will say the answer the question
Partner B will record exactly what partner A says the answer is on the paper provided.
Partner B will check over the answer and describe any changes they think should be made.
Partner A and B will agree on a final answer and make any changes if necessary.
For the next problem, repeat steps 1-4 with Partner B starting.