OGT Review 2 Evolution, Classification, Kingdoms

Charles Darwin studied finches on Galapagos Islands – Found species of finches had different beaks based on where they lived – Concluded birds that had developed the “good” trait lived to produce more offspring – Evolution-change in population that leads to a new species Cause of changes in population is mutations

Natural Selection- due to variations among members of a species some individuals in a population are better adapted than others to meet challenges. These survive and reproduce while others die out.

Adaptations- inherited characteristics that enhance survival in a given habitat

Review Quiz

What is an incorrect statement about vestigial organs? a.The human appendix and the snake’s pelvis are examples of vestigial organs b.Vestigial organs are structures that were once useful to the species’ ancestor but no longer serve a useful function c.Vestigial structures show common relationships with ancestral species d.Vestigial organs are adaptations that allow organisms to survive in their environment

What is an incorrect statement about vestigial organs? a.The human appendix and the snake’s pelvis are examples of vestigial organs b.Vestigial organs are structures that were once useful to the species’ ancestor but no longer serve a useful function c.Vestigial structures show common relationships with ancestral species d.Vestigial organs are adaptations that allow organisms to survive in their environment

8 What statement is correct about embryology? a.Scientists can use embryos to shows if species were in existence before dinosaurs b.Similarities in embryos of different species suggest a common ancestor c.Embryology is the study of reproductive methods in organisms d.Only one vertebrate species has tails and gill slits at some point in its early development

What statement is correct about embryology? a.Scientists can use embryos to shows if species were in existence before dinosaurs b.Similarities in embryos of different species suggest a common ancestor c.Embryology is the study of reproductive methods in organisms d.Only one vertebrate species has tails and gill slits at some point in its early development

11 Which statement best describes Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection? a.Species change whenever individuals in the population adapt to their environment b.Most species in nature change when humans select which individuals to breed c.Species that have favorable traits live longer and pass those traits on to offspring d.Animal populations change in appearance mostly due to favorable mutations in DNA

11 Which statement best describes Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection? a.Species change whenever individuals in the population adapt to their environment b.Most species in nature change when humans select which individuals to breed c.Species that have favorable traits live longer and pass those traits on to offspring d.Animal populations change in appearance mostly due to favorable mutations in DNA

Which is not true about fossil evidence? a.Nitrogen-dating gives the absolute age of a fossil b.Fossils found in geologic columns of sedimentary rock give a relative age c.Fossils can be imprints, molds, bones, or whole organisms d.Fossils allow scientists to determine relatedness by comparing structures and anatomy of different organisms

Which is not true about fossil evidence? a.Nitrogen-dating gives the absolute age of a fossil b.Fossils found in geologic columns of sedimentary rock give a relative age c.Fossils can be imprints, molds, bones, or whole organisms d.Fossils allow scientists to determine relatedness by comparing structures and anatomy of different organisms

Which statement is not correct about divergent evolution? a.It results in homologous structures b.It can result in adaptive radiation c.It leads to speciation – one species becoming many due to new adaptations in different environments d.It can be illustrated as: 24

Which statement is not correct about divergent evolution? a.It results in homologous structures b.It can result in adaptive radiation c.It leads to speciation – one species becoming many due to new adaptations in different environments d.It can be illustrated as: 24

Convergent evolution leads to: a.Homologous structures with common origins that are modified for different environments b.Analogous structures with common origins that are modified for different environments c.Homologous structures that have different origins but similar functions d.Analogous structures that have different origins but similar functions 23

Convergent evolution leads to: a.Homologous structures with common origins that are modified for different environments b.Analogous structures with common origins that are modified for different environments c.Homologous structures that have different origins but similar functions d.Analogous structures that have different origins but similar functions 23

Which of the statements does not accurately describe natural selection: f.Organisms that are best adapted for their environment live longer and produce more offspring g.Humans select organisms with desirable traits to interbreed and pass those traits to the next generation h.Organisms which have certain traits that help them survive are more likely to pass those traits onto their offspring j.It is when nature selects traits that will most help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment 25

Which of the statements does not accurately describe natural selection: f.Organisms that are best adapted for their environment live longer and produce more offspring g.Humans select organisms with desirable traits to interbreed and pass those traits to the next generation h.Organisms which have certain traits that help them survive are more likely to pass those traits onto their offspring j.It is when nature selects traits that will most help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment 25

All of the these factors are challenges to the survival of organisms except A.Overpopulation of species B.Competition for resources C.Changes in environment D.An adequate food supply

All of the these factors are challenges to the survival of organisms except A.Overpopulation of species B.Competition for resources C.Changes in environment D.An adequate food supply

The arctic hare has white fur in the winter. This helps it survive because the A.White fur is warmer than dark fur B.Hare is mimicking the polar bear C.White fur provides camouflage in the snow D.Diet of the hare changes in the winter

The arctic hare has white fur in the winter. This helps it survive because the A.White fur is warmer than dark fur B.Hare is mimicking the polar bear C.White fur provides camouflage in the snow D.Diet of the hare changes in the winter

Classification Carlos Linnaeus came up with the original system for classification (Plants and Animals) – Now we have 5 kingdoms 1.Animalia 2.Plantae 3.FungiEukaryotes (nucleus) 4.Protista 5.Monera – Prokaryotes (bacteria) no nucleus

Taxomony science of identifying and classifying organisms according to specific criteria using these categories: Kingdom (largest/Diverse)King Phylum (Division)Pete ClassCalled OrderOut Family Funky Genus Golf Species (specific) Scores

1-72 Scientific names binomial, use genus and species. Modern humans are Homo sapiens.

1-73 Classification based on evolutionary relationships. - get more specific as you go down in classification.

Which group contains the largest number of different species A.Phylum B.Order C.Class D.Genus

Which group contains the largest number of different species A.Phylum B.Order C.Class D.Genus

The grasshopper would be most closely related to another organism that is in the same A.phylum, but a different class B.Class but a different order C.Order but a different family D.Same family but a different genus

The grasshopper would be most closely related to another organism that is in the same A.phylum, but a different class B.Class but a different order C.Order but a different family D.Same family but a different genus

Which animal is Most closely related to humans? A.Wolf B.Lion C.Horse D.Chimpanzee

Which animal is Most closely related to humans? A.Wolf B.Lion C.Horse D.Chimpanzee

Which kingdom is correctly paired with its characteristics? A.Animalia- cell walls and chloroplasts B.Plantae- centrioles and no cell walls C.Protista- cell walls but no chloroplasts D.Monera- lack an organized nucleus

Which kingdom is correctly paired with its characteristics? A.Animalia- cell walls and chloroplasts B.Plantae- centrioles and no cell walls C.Protista- cell walls but no chloroplasts D.Monera- lack an organized nucleus