1. Ideas About Evolution
Describe Lamarck’s hypothesis of acquired characteristics and Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
Identify why variations in organisms are important.
Compare and contrast gradualism and punctuated equilibrium

2. Early Models of Evolution
group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce among themselves, producing fertile offspring
SPECIES
change in inherited characteristics over time
EVOLUTION
NATURAL
SELECTION
process by which organisms with traits best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
inherited trait that makes an individual different from other members of the species
VARIATION
any variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment
ADAPTATION

3. Lamarckism
Characteristics developed during a parent’s lifetime are inherited by the offspring. Evidence does not support this.

4. Darwin’s Finches

5. Darwin’s Finches competed
The Galapagos finches ______________________ for food. Those that had
_____________________, ______________________ that allowed them to get food
were able to _________________ longer and _____________________ more.
Over time, groups of finches became separate ___________________.
advantages
beak shapes
survive
reproduce
species

6. Darwin’s 5 Principles of Natural Selection
1. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive
2. Differences, or variations, occur among individuals of a species
3. Some variations are passed to offspring
4. Some variations are helpful. Those with helpful variations
survive and reproduce better.
5. Over time, offspring of individuals with helpful variations make
up more of a population and may become a new species.

7. Variation vs. Adaptation

8. Variation vs. Adaptation
DEFINITION
AN INHERITED TRAIT THAT MAKES AN INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENT FROM OTHER MEMBERS OF ITS SPECIES
ANY VARIATION THAT MAKES AN ORGANISM BETTER SUITED TO ITS ENVIRONMENT
EXAMPLES

9. Polar Bear Two layers of fur Small ears Black skin Sensitive nose
Long claws
Webbed feet

10. Cuttlefish camouflage

11. Variation vs. Adaptation
WHAT HAPPENS
HOW IT LEADS TO CHANGE
CHANGES IN
GENE SOURCES
OVER TIME, GENETIC MAKEUP OF A SPECIES
MAY CHANGE
WHEN NEW INDIVIDUALS ENTER AN AREA
THEY CAN BRING IN DIFFERENT
GENES AND VARIATIONS
GEOGRAPHIC
ISOLATION
MOUNTAINS AND LAKES CAN ISOLATE
INDIVIDUALS FROM THE POPULATION
OVER SEVERAL GENERATIONS, VARIATIONS
NOT COMMON IN LARGE POPULATION
MAY BECOME COMMON IN ISOLATED
POPULATION

12. Gradualism vs Punctuated Equilibrium
Rapid change with few mutations
Slow, ongoing process
Both show
evolution
Continuous series
of mutations
Bacteria can change
in just a few
generations
Intermediary forms - gradual change

13. Clues About Evolution
Identify the importance of fossils as evidence of evolution
Explain how relative and radiometric dating are used to estimate the age of fossils
List examples of five types of evidence for evolution

14. Clues About Evolution
a type of rock made from pieces of other rocks, minerals deposited from a solution, or plant and animal matter
SEDIMENTARY
ROCK
RADIOACTIVE
ELEMENT
element that gives off a steady amount of radiation as it slowly changes to a nonradioactive element
study of embryos and their development
EMBRYOLOGY
HOMOLOGOUS
similar in structure, origin or function
structure that does not seem to have a function and that may have functioned in the body of an ancestor
VESTIGIAL

15. Green River Formation

16. Green River Formation

17. Clues About Evolution Relative age of the rocks
Show what organisms looked like
Information
obtained from
fossils
Show that evolution has happened
Habits and behaviors of ancient life

18. Relative Dating
Youngest
Oldest

19. Relative Dating

20. Clues About Evolution Homologous Structures Embryology
Other clues about evolution
DNA
Vestigial Structures

21. Embryology

22. Homologous Structures

23. Convergent Evolution

24. Vestigial Structures