BELL RINGER On Edmodo Quiz Friday Assessment Wednesday

BECOMING AN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY: A TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION

KEY TERMS Patent Productivity Transcontinental Railroad Bessemer Process Mass Production

SETTING THE SCENE America’s Industrialization began before the Civil War After the Civil War the US boomed into becoming an Industrial Powerhouse Investors and scientist were backed by big business leaders

CHANGES IN DAILY LIFE 1865 – no indoor electric lighting, no refrigeration, ice was expensive, mail slow (~10 days from East coast to Midwest, ~3 weeks to the West) Between only 36,000 patents were issued License that give an inventor the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention for a set period of time Between ,000 patents were issued Ex. Typewriter, telephone, phonograph America quickly earned the highest standard of living in the world through an increase of productivity The amount of goods and services created in a give period of time

NEW FORMS OF ENERGYENERGY There was a need for a new cheaper energy source Petroleum and Electricity were the top of the list Drake Strikes Oil Titusville, Pennsylvania Edwin Drake built and used the first drill to find oil Finds oil and kicks off the oil industry Edison, a Master of Invention Thomas A Edison – made electric power widely availableThomas A Edison Invented the first light bulb and phonograph Central Power Stations – a power plant that provided electricity to dozens of buildings Used direct current – expensive and short travel distance

IMPROVED ELECTRICITY Lewis Latimer – improved Edison’s light bulb George Westinghouse alternating current – cheaper than Edison’s direct current and could travel farther Transformers – boost power levels to send electricity over longer distances These made electricity in homes more practical General Electric and Westinghouse Electric formed from Edison and Westinghouse idea’s and inventions Electricity Impacts Electric sewing machine – led to rapid growth of the ready made clothing industry Electric refrigerator – possible because households now had electricity Slowed food from going bad Relieved the need to preserve foods by smoking or salting

How did the light bulb change daily life in the late 1800s?

TELEGRAPH VS TELEPHONE Telegraph Invented in the early 1700s Samuel F.B. Morse – perfected the telegraph Developed Morse Code Sent first message using the code in 1844 Western Union Telegraph Company By 1870 – 100,000 miles of wire and 9 million messgages Telephone Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 First called “talking telegraph” 1879 – First telephone installed in the White House

How did the telegraph and change daily life in the late 1800s? Telephone?

RAILROADS CREATE A NATIONAL NETWORK 1850: Steam powered ships still provided the majority of American transportation\ Improvements in train and track design boosted railroads Pre-Civil War-Issues with trains Trains did not have standard track width Passengers constantly had to switch rails No standard system of signals Unreliable brakes Transcontinental Railroad – a railway extending from coast to coast Completed by Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad Companies in 7 years Most workers were immigrants – Irish or Chinese

RAILROAD DEVELOPMENTS Train Issues: Noisy, dirty, and uncomfortable for travelers Train travel continued to expand and improve: New tech assisted in the development of the railroad Steel rails replaced iron rails Track gauges and signals became standardized Safety also improved: Westinghouse developed more effective air brakes 1887: Granville Woods patented a telegraph system for communication with moving trains Reduced the risk of collision.

RAILROADS AND TIME ZONES Scheduling was an issue for railroads 1800s most people set their clocks independently according to solar time. Time differences created confusion 1883 the railroads adopted a nation system of time zones to improve scheduling Clocks in broad regions of the country showed the same time Helped passengers and businesses that shipped goods

RAILROADS AND INDUSTRY Railroads played a key role in revolutionizing business and industry in several ways Faster and more practical means of transporting goods Trains not limited by water conditions and could transport larger items in much greater quantities Lower costs of production Cheaper way to transport goods Creation of National Markets: Market and sell products nationwide instead of locally Model of big business Professional manager and specialized departments Stimulation of other Industries: steel replaced iron boosted the steel industry

What were the advantages of of building the transcontiental railroad?

BESSEMER PROCESS 1850s: Henry Bessemer and William Kelley developed a new process for making steel 1856 Bessemer received the first patent for the Bessemer Process Steel is produced by melting iron, adding carbon and removing impurities Bessemer Process made it easier and cheaper Cheaper and easier process to remove impurities from iron Steel is lighter, stronger, and more flexible than iron Made Mass Production possible: Production in great amounts

BROOKLYN BRIDGE People who lived in Brooklyn and worked in Manhattan only had one way to travel and that was the ferry across the East River and Winter temps would often shut down the ferry John A Roebling: Designed a suspension bridge wit thick steel cables suspended from high towers 1595 feet above the river span, longest in world Opened on May 24, 1883

How and why did the United States become more industrial and urban during the 19 th Century? How did the research and inventions of Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse impact the economic development and cultural progress of the United States?