1. The Expansion of American Industry
Chapter 5 Sections 1 & 2

2. Objectives
Describe how advancements in transportation, communication, and electric power affected people & businesses.

3. Daily life in 1865 Imagine it is 1865…
Indoor electric lighting did not exist.
The sun dictated the day’s work.
No refrigerators.
No Internet!!!
Long distance communication was slow
Up to months before you heard important news.
Travel via horseback or Train

4. Technological Revolution
Patent & Trademark Office
– 36,000 patents issued
1860 – 1890 – 500,000 patents issued
        
Canned food 1810 – used hammer & chisel 1858 can opener finally invented. Rubber band Balloon McCormick reaper 1831 horse drawn – wheat. Wrench Stamp – Grain elevator TP

5. Transcontinental Railroad
Rails improved after the Civil War.
Stretched from East to Mississippi River
Government Involvement
Union Pacific - West to Omaha
Central Pacific - California – Eastward
May 10, 1869 they “Meet in the Middle”
Immigrants build the RR

7. Problems & Solutions RR - Noisy, dirty, uncomfortable Telegraph system
Brakes & tracks
Time Zones
1883
Shipping Costs
Barrel of Flour
Chicago – NY
$3.45 in 1865
$.68 in 1895
Durand, MI
Aug. 06, 1903
Great Wallace Brothers circus train crash

8. Advancements in Technology
Electric Power
Thomas Edison
Wizard of Menlo Park
Phonograph
Tinker with Electricity
Central Power Station

9. General Electric George Westinghouse Transformers
Move electricity efficiently & cheaply
General Electric & Westinghouse Electric formed in 1898.
3,000 power stations
2 million light bulbs
Rural areas did not receive electricity for many decades yet to come.

10. “The REAL McCoy” Elijah McCoy 1843-1929
Born in Canada studied Scotland
Michigan Central Railroad
Lubricating Cup – continuously oiled the moving parts of factory machinery
Invented & sold 57 devices
Wanted machines equipped with McCoy’s inventions

11. The Telegraph Perfected the telegraph
Morse Code – Short & long pulses of electrical impulses to represent letters of the alphabet.
Western Union
1900 over 900,000 miles of wires.
SAMUEL MORSE

12. Bessemer Process 1856 – Henry Bessemer
Steel ~ Mass production by removing impurities.
Brooklyn Bridge
Symbol of American Success.
Complete May 1883
BESSEMER
ROEBLING

13. Free Enterprise Laissez-faire: let people do as they choose.
Belief that the government should allow business to operate freely.
Is this a good or bad thing?

14. Free Enterprise Argument for Free Ent.
Regulation of business increases the price of items.
Free market leads to greater efficiency and products.
Arguments Against
Government makes money off of taxing.
Stop the creation of a monopoly.
Monopoly: one company controls a single market.

15. Entrepreneurs
People who risk their own capital to organize and run a business.
Government regulations were hardly imposed until after the early 1900’s.
Didn’t control wages, hours and prices.
Could this lead to problems?
Land Grants: Government would give land to companies to build a transcontinental railroad.

16. Government Tariffs U.S. would raise tariffs on foreign goods.
How do you think this would affect American products?

17. Tariffs
By imposing tariffs, the government would hurt American business.
Competing countries would increase tariffs.
Made products too expensive.

18. Latest & Greatest You are going to create the next best thing.
Create an invention that will be useful to everyone.
Why do you feel we need this invention?
How much will it cost?
Is it believable?
Draw a picture & write a description of your invention.
You will present your idea.