Chapter 3 Review  What is the difference between acculturation and enculturation?  What is ethnocentrism?  What is a possible benefit of cultural clash?

Chapter 4 Recap/Lecture

What is verbal communication?  hGDlifwhg hGDlifwhg  Written  Face-to-face  Use of words to communicate message  Part of communicating effectively  Relationship to interpersonal communication?

Use of Symbols  Language = System of Symbols  Words = Verbal Symbols  Grammar = Rules for use of words/symbols  Encoding and Decoding – difference?

Verbal symbols….  Are symbolic Impacted by culture?  Evolve Over time Because of technology Examples?  Vary in level of abstraction Can be intentional (strategic ambiguity, equivocation “You are always so kind to me! Thanks for the gift!”, euphemisms “Pardon me while I run to the powder room.” )

Verbal symbols….are powerful NegativelyPositively  Static Evaluation  Polarizaion  Reification  Muting  Sexist language  Racist language  Homophobic language  Ableist language  Building relationships  Inclusion  Confirmation  Problem solving

Power of Language  Reflect back on “Sister, Sistah”  How was this an example of the power of language?  How did verbal communication impact interpersonal communication? Did it help or hurt?

Group Chat: The Power of Language  Complete the slip of paper on the power of language. Have a discussion with your group. Discuss how those words would negatively impact interpersonal communication ○ (e.g. if used, would you continue to communicate? Change the way you communicate? Change your perceptions of that person?)  At end of discussion, on back of your slip— what did you learn? Any word surprise you? Altered any of your current views?

Verbal symbols …  Have denotative and connotative meaning Difference?

Connotative vs. Denotative Meaning  What do these words mean? Hot Scrub Bad Jumping Thirsty Swag Other examples?

Improving Verbal Communication  Perspective taking  I-Messages  Understanding ladder of abstraction  Indexing  Probing middle ground

Sex and Gender  Two-culture theory  Some argue: Women use: more rapport talk, modifiers, polite talk Also align those traits with femininity  Debate over if difference exist Application Exercise

Culture and Ethnicity  Symbolic Interactionism  Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Related to… ○ Linguistic determinism ○ Linguistic relativity  Phatic communication  Code switching  Codabiliy  Speech communities Words/phrases specific to Gordon?  Idioms

Generation  Differences based on Shared experiences New technologies (or lack thereof) ○ E.g. “tweeting” Co-culture

Context  Determines appropriateness  e.g. “Shut up”  Consider all elements in environment, such as: Situation Time Relationship Nonverbal cues ○ Relationship between verbal and nonverbal ○ Will discuss with Chapter 5

Food for thought Consider the role of verbal communication: How difficult would it be to have interpersonal communication without using verbal communication? Let’s play our version of CHARADES and see!