Unit 5: A New Global Age

Nationalism in Europe Essential Questions: – How did nationalism develop a sense of unity between countrymen, as well as competition between nations? – How did nationalism lead countries towards imperialism?

Nationalism: A feeling of sense or pride for your country When good, will unite a country and increase productivity When bad, allows hatred of and competition with other nations which lead to war

(1) Otto and the Germans 1862: Otto von Bismarck (Chancellor of Prussia) starts to unify Germany – Germany was conglomerate of 39 mini-nations Similar culture, language and traditions

Realpolitik Definition: Realistic politics based on the needs of the people. – Follows: Machiavelli’s ideas Realism Power, not morals – Is goal oriented, so it does not use a set of rules; the ultimate goal is most power!

Bismarck Quotes: “The less people know about how sausages and laws are made, the better they’ll sleep at night.” “A generation that has taken a beating is always followed by a generation that deals one.” “Never believe in anything until it has been officially denied.” “The great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions—that was the mistake of —but by blood and iron.”

“Blood and Iron” Write down what you think “Blood and Iron” means.

Process of Annexation

Franco-Prussian War of 1870 Otto von Bismarck leads Prussia/Germany against France Napoleon III is unsuspecting – `Insulted at dinner by Bismarck, he then declares war on Germany Germany is already mobilized – Conquer France in three weeks

Germany’s march to Paris

Second Reich: 1871 Chancellor: Bismarck Kaiser: Wilhelm I Under both, the country industrializes – “Steel production multiplied by 12 in 30 years” – “Coal production multiplied by nearly five in 30 years” – “Manufactures multiplied by four” – “Exports multiplied by three”

Lasting, progressive programs Health Insurance Bill of 1883 – gave healthcare on local level to the middle class Accident Insurance Bill of 1884 Old Age and Disability Bill of 1889 – Gave a pension to retired or disabled peoples

(2) Unifying Italy Giuseppe Mazzini tries to unify Italy in the 1830’s. Spurs national unity Very close to a complete Italy, but are defeated by Austria in 1848

Count Cavour of Sardinia Convinced the French to help dispose of the Austrians. – Beat the Austrians back United all of Northern Italy

Giuseppe Garibaldi Led 1,000 red shirts to gain control of the Kingdom of two Sicily's Gained an united Southern Italy in 1860

King Victor Immanuel II – First King of Italy in 1861 – Made peace with Austria – United all sections of Italy together – Made the Capital Rome

(3) Russia and Nationalism Russia had land and resources – Lacked ability to access their resources Tsar Alexander II – Emancipation of serfs in 1861 – Creation of local governments led by zemstvos Local officials were then represented in the Duma

“Forced Nationalism” Tsar demanded Russification Everyone had to speak Russian, wear Russian clothes, follow Russian customs. Russian Orthodox Church was only religion tolerated – Supported the Tsar Russian officials also governed non-Russian zemstvos – Less than half of Russia consists of Russians » Others: Cossacks, Georgians, Mongols, Jews, Poles, Fins, etc.

Russia Expands Industrialization from ’s – Allows Russia to gain several territories Finland Poland Manchuria – Russia can build a Trans- Siberian RR

Trans-Siberian Railroad Started by Alexander II Completed in 1905 Stretches 5,772 miles Connects East and West Russia – Physically unites as a nation!

Expansion of the US Manifest Destiny – Desire of America to expand from “sea to sea” US expands through buying territory and war – 1803: Louisiana Purchase – 1845: Texas Annexation – 1846: Oregon Country – 1848: Mexican Cession – 1867: Alaskan Purchase

American Civil War Abolition movement – Frederick Douglas – Dred Scott Affair Kansas-Nebraska Act

Secession – 11 states “leave” the USA Civil War: – 13 th Amendment – 14 th Amendment