Presentations by Member States : France Workshop on emissions of GHG from Aviation and Navigation, may 2004, EEA Copenhagen CHANG Jean-Pierre, FONTELLE Jean-Pierre Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etudes de la Pollution Atmosphérique PARIS - France

CORALIE - Overview Flowsheet of Inventory System DATA COLLECTION ASSUMPTIONS DATA TREATMENT QUALITY CONTROL NUMEROUS SOURCES OF INFORMATION NATIONAL NEEDS sectoral, regional, PRQA, … Other International needs OCDE, EUROSTAT, etc. UN ECE long range transboundary pollution conventions NATIONAL NEEDS SECTEN UNFCCC climate change convention UE GHG MM greenhouse gas monitoring mechanism UE-DG ENV directives LCP, NEC,... EUROSTAT NAMEA DATA BASES (CORINAIR, GIC, DOM-TOM, etc.) EMEP long range transboundary pollution conventions RELATED TASKS (methodology, uncertainty, inter- national progress, quality, system adaptation, expertise) INVENTORY REVIEW (national and international) Specific reporting interfaces « formats »

UNFCCCDG XI UNECE EMEP EUROSTAT OECD EEA UNFCCC UE GHG MM ( 1 ) LCP NEC EPER CFC UNECE EMEP JQ NAMEA Other national and international users (organisations, administrations, industries, public) MIES MEDD IFEN (National Focal Point - EIONET / EEA) CITEPA (National Reference Centre) ADMINISTRATIONS TECHNICAL CENTRES STATISTICAL INSTITUTES INDUSTRIESAGENCIESSECTORIAL EXPERTS CORALIE - Simplified global flowsheet of emission inventories ( 1 ) as UNFCCC FINAL USERS MAIN REPORTING FORMATS VALIDATION AGREEMENT OF SUBMISSION - DATA COLLECTION - ASSUMPTIONS - DATA TREATMENTS - METHODOLOGY - REPORTING - QA/QC BACKGROUND DATA Website citepa.org CORALIE : COordination de la RéALisation des Inventaires d’Emissions

CORALIE - Simplified flowsheet of emission inventory data Numerous data from various types and origins Data collection Data treatment Crude database LCP database CORINAIR database Treatment Quality control External models OPALE, COPERT, COBRA, PROSPER, LCP Carbon sinks, air traffic, etc. Mainland France Overseas territories (Dom - Tom) Specific reporting interfaces Validation Formats UNFCCC UNECE, NEC EMEP SECTEN NAMEA LCP DEPARTEMENTS Other (PRQA,...) Projections

Simple method (IPCC Tier1 type) : fuel consumption x emission factors - Estimation Method - (*) : LHV from French ‘Observatoire de l’Energie’ CPDP : annual statistics from the Professional Petroleum Comity CCTN : annual national transport statistics DAIE/SES-INSEE TPPA : “Taxe Parafiscale sur la Pollution Atmosphérique” Emissions from navigation in France

 International sea traffic : marine bunker fuels sold to foreign flags, plus 96% of marine bunker fuels from French flags. Separation of fuel consumption domestic/international  Domestic navigation : fuel consumptions from inland goods transport, motor boats, and national sea traffic (as 4% of marine bunker fuel from French flags). Emissions from navigation in France Available bunker statistics : marine bunker fuels sold to French and foreign flags are available separately (CPDP statistics). Note : marine bunker fuel of French flags is 30% of the total marine bunker fuels in 2002, and 37 % in 1990). Assumption : 4% of marine bunker fuel from French flags is used for French coastal traffic (i.e. for domestic navigation). On the basis of :

Emissions from aviation in France Need to distinguish traffic below 1000m (LTO) and above 1000m (cruise). Need to distinguish national and international traffic emissions Need to distinguish Mainland France (Métropole) and overseas departements and territories (DOM-TOM). General specifications : General principle of the emission methodology : IPCC Tier2 type of methodology. Bottom-up approach : calculation process based on the exhaustive annual commercial air traffic database. Detailed approach : use of consumption and emission characteristics depending on the aircraft/engines and on the different phases of LTO and the cruise.

Emissions from aviation in France Specifications according to the different inventories

AIR TRAFFIC EMISSIONS IN FRANCE - METHODOLOGY DATA SOURCE AND REFERENCES ICAO - LTO duration - LTO consumption and emission factors DGAC - Complete commercial traffic databases - Aircraft/engine identification sample - “Air France” company fuel consumption sample MEET of 30 aircrafts/engines i.e. consumption and emission functions of cruise altitudes Supplementary data/assumptions Initial treatments with ref./supplementary data Complete aircraft/engine identification (ICAO/DGAC) - integrate non commercial traffic - traffic split Metropole/dom-tom - taxiway duration Application of cruise equations for the 30 MEET aircraft types TREATMENTSTREATMENTS LTO Treatment Consumption and emissions for each LTO (traffic < 1000m) CRUISE treatment Consumption and emissions for each cruise (traffic > 1000m) AGGREGATED RESULTS - CONSUMPTIONS AND EMISSIONS - - Domestic and international LTO, for Metropole and DOM TOM (traffic<1000 m) - Domestic and international cruise, for Metropole and DOM TOM (traffic> 1000 m) - Aircraft/engine identification- DGAC/MEET(327/30) aircraft correspondence - non commercial traffic For the different LTO phases : For the different cruise phases : characteristics CORINAIRCORINAIR

AIR TRAFFIC EMISSIONS IN FRANCE International LTO in France : direct results from the calculation process. Separation of fuel consumption domestic/international Two reasons for adjustment : International requirement for using fuel sold in the country to calculate the emissions (national contribution) - fuel balance - The direct calculation process for international flights includes : - France to foreign countries flights, and - the flights back, foreign countries to France Definition of the French contribution for the international cruise : French contribution to the international cruise = National total fuel sold – (domestic LTO and cruise calculated consumptions) - (international LTO calculated consumption in France) Domestic traffic (LTO & cruise) : direct results from the calculation process. International cruise : final adjustment for emission inventory.

Comparison between theoretical total fuel consumption (domestic flights + half of international one-way return flights) and total French sold fuel : less than 5% of global differences. France relates here to mainland and overseas areas. Aviation : validation / uncertainty Theoretical calculation versus energy balance (*) domestic flights + half of international one-way return flights ,1-1,6-1,5-2,3-2,8-0,4-1,5-2,7-1,9-3,9-2,7-3,7-4,7 Theoretical total fuel (Gg) consumption (*) Total fuel sold in France (Gg) Difference as % (model vs sold fuel)

International traffic for France : EU(15) and non EU(15) traffic separation AIR TRAFFIC EMISSIONS IN FRANCE

CO 2 emissions (Gg) from Aviation and Navigation-France (Mainland and overseas areas) CO 2 from Civil Aviation: 1,1% of national UNFCCC CO 2 total (without LUCF) in 1990 and 1,4% in 2002 CO 2 from domestic Navigation: 0,5% of UNFCCC national CO 2 total (without LUCF) in 1990 and 0,6% in 2002