Module 6 Poverty & gender sensitive indicators Module 6 Poverty and gender sensitive indicators Corruption exacts a higher price on the poor: as an additional “tax”, and by lowering the quality of services Gendered forms and dimensions of corruption: sexual corruption; men more often tend to be in positions of power, and therefore to be the beneficiaries of corruption. Need for assessments to be sensitive to the impact of corruption on marginalised groups, and to the effectiveness of anti-corruption mechanisms for these particular groups. Indicators in this area too often tend to be gender and poverty blind.

Activity 1 Adapting indicators Module 6 Poverty and gender sensitive indicators What makes indicators pro-poor or gender sensitive?

Mini-lecture Pro-poor and gender sensitive indicators Module 6 Poverty and gender sensitive indicators There are 4 ways of making indicators sensitive to vulnerable groups: 1.Disaggregating by poverty/gender 2.Specific to the poor/women 3.Implicitly poverty/gender sensitive 4.Chosen by the poor/women

Mini-lecture Pro-poor and gender sensitive indicators Module 6 Poverty and gender sensitive indicators 1. Disaggregating by poverty/gender: The proportion of poor households using public services who experienced corruption directly in the last 12 months in comparison to non-poor households. The proportion of citizens and/or women earning the median yearly income who can afford to bring a legal suit. The proportion of lower to higher income people who are able to successfully access information on political party finance.

Mini-lecture Pro-poor and gender sensitive indicators Module 6 Poverty and gender sensitive indicators 2. Specific to the poor/women: Percentage of reported corruption cases in public agencies serving low-income communities in comparison to those in higher income areas, e.g. education (schools), health (clinics, hospitals), the police. Existence of anti-sex discrimination laws and equal opportunities policies in the civil service and evidence of their enforcement and implementation.

Mini-lecture Pro-poor and gender sensitive indicators Module 6 Poverty and gender sensitive indicators 3. Implicitly poverty/gender sensitive: The percentage of small retail business can afford to bring a legal suit. The proportion of public agencies for which public expenditure tracking surveys (PETS) are regularly conducted. Number of reported cases of sexual corruption.

Mini-lecture Pro-poor and gender sensitive indicators Module 6 Poverty and gender sensitive indicators 4. Chosen by the poor/women: Level of satisfaction with public services expressed by women in poor households in comparison to men. Agencies perceived to be corrupt by low-income households in contrast to higher income households. Percentage of citizens who can use a given access to information mechanism at a reasonable cost.

Activity 3 Tailoring indicators Module 6 Poverty and gender sensitive indicators What other groups or attributes might be important to capture using these techniques? Groups: Marginalized ethnic groups and tribes, the disabled, HIV sufferers, children and youth, the unemployed, sex workers Occupation based groups such as police officers, government officials, health workers, taxi drivers, teachers and principals, traditional authorities, small business owners Geographically based: Rural, urban, regional, national, provincial/district, municipalities, chiefdoms, communities