REPRESENTING DATA IN GRAPHIC FORM Population Growth

Some facts about Canadian population Since 1851, population growth in Canada has been defined by three distinct demographic regimes. From 1851 to 1900, the population grew slowly by a few million. High fertility was offset by very high mortality levels. Then, in the first half of the twentieth century (1901 to 1945), despite the two world wars, the growth rate generally accelerated, notably because of the settlement of Western Canada. Owing to the baby-boom and strong immigration, the second half of the twentieth century saw the Canadian population grow at an even faster pace. During the last 60 years (from 1946 to 2006), Canada’s population went from 12.3 million to 32.6 million, an increase of more than 20 million.

More recently, between 2001 and 2006, Canada’s population grew at an average annual rate of approximately 1.0%, mainly owing to strong immigration. This growth is expected to continue in the coming decades, and Canada could have 42.5 million inhabitants in 2056, under the medium growth scenario of the latest population projections. However, Canada’s population growth is expected to fall off somewhat, mainly because of a decline in natural increase.

Canadian Population growth since projected to 2056

Average annual growth rate of the world population and selected countries, 1950 to 2050

Age-Sex Pyramids The most important demographic characteristic of a population is its age-sex structure. Population pyramids graphically display age-sex structure information to improve understanding and ease comparison.

Age-sex pyramids display the percentage or actual amount of a population broken down by gender and age. The five-year age increments on the y-axis allow the pyramid to vividly reflect long term trends in the birth and death rates but also reflect shorter term baby- booms, wars, and epidemics.

3 key types of population pyramids Rapid Growth This pyramid of the Philippines shows a triangle-shaped pyramid and reflects a high growth rate of about 2.1 percent annually.

Slow Growth In the United States, the population is growing at a rate of about 1.7 percent annually. This growth rate is reflected in the more square-like structure of the pyramid. Note the lump in the pyramid between the ages of about 35 to 50. This large segment of the population is the post-World War II "baby boom." As this population ages and climbs up the pyramid, there will be a much greater demand for medical and other geriatric services. An online animated population pyramid from 1950 to 2050 shows the aging of the boomers.

Negative Growth Germany is experiencing a period of negative growth (-0.1%). As negative growth in a country continues, the population is reduced. A population can shrink due to a low birth rate and a stable death rate. Increased emigration may also be a contributor to a declining population.

Canada over 100 year period

Birth & Death Birth rate (rate of fertility)–expressed as a certain number of births per 1000 people Death rate (rate of mortality)- expressed as the number of deaths per 1000 people. Annual rate of population growth = BR-DR This is also known as the rate of natural increase (RNI).

Factors that influence Birth Rates # of women in total population Range of ages (15-49) Culture-religion Medical conditions- if poor, may have more children in the hopes that some will survive. Economic Status Education (Copy 2 factors down)

Culture Patriarchy-characteristic of a form of social organization in which the male is the family head and title is traced through the male line Matriarchy-a system of social organization in which descent and inheritance are traced through the female line

Education It has been shown that in a country like India, the factor that most influences birth rates and total fertility is education, particularly for women. When women are educated, they decide for themselves to reduce the number of children they have.

Eugenics is a science that deals with the improvement (as by control of human mating) of hereditary qualities of a race or breed

India Undeclared “war against the poor.” "Sterilization became a condition not just for land allotments, but for irrigation water, electricity, ration cards, rickshaw licenses, medical care, and rises and promotions,” he writes. Jailing parents with more than 3 children Schools sometimes expelled students when their parents did not submit to sterilization

Read over pages in your textbook and answer the following questions: Focus on the Facts: 13, 14 & 15 Organizing Information: 17

Textbook Page 173 Statistical Analysis: 18 a) & b), 19 a)  For a), you will need to calculate the “Rate of Natural Increase” RNI = BR – DR  Example: Niger  BR 53 – DR 19 ÷ 10 = 3.4  Niger RNI = 3.4%  Do not calculate “Doubling Time”  For b) you will need an atlas and pencil crayons