Civics: Government and Economics in Action Chapter 5: Creating the Constitution Civics: Government and Economics in Action

“The Supreme Law of the Land” Section 3 “The Supreme Law of the Land” Section Outline: The Goals of Our Government The Articles Limited Government Main Idea: The Constitution establishes a federal government, protects the rights of citizens, and provides general rules that government must follow. Key Terms: Amendments Federalism Concurrent Powers Reserved Powers Checks and Balances Impeach Civics: Government and Economics in Action

The Goals of Our Government To Form a more Perfect Union To Establish Justice To Insure Domestic Tranquility The Provide for the Common Defense To Promote General Welfare To Secure the Blessings of Liberty to Ourselves and Our Posterity Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action The Articles The Legislative Branch The Executive Branch The Judicial Branch The States Amending the Constitution The Supremacy of the Constitution Ratification Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action Limited Government Federalism The division of power between the states and the federal or national government Concurrent Powers Powers shared by the federal and state governments. Reserved Powers Powers that the Constitution neither gives to Congress nor denies to the states. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Limited Government (cont.) Separation of Powers Legislative, Judicial, and Executive branches Checks and Balances The system that gives each branch of government ways to limit the powers of the other two. Impeach To accuse or wrongdoing This is an example of a “check” the House of Representatives has on any high officials. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action Chapter 6: The Bill of Rights Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Chapter Links Section 1 “Adding the Bill of Rights” Section 2 “Protections in the Bill of Rights” Section 3 “Interpreting the Bill of Rights” Civics: Government and Economics in Action

“Adding the Bill of Rights” Section 1 “Adding the Bill of Rights” Section Outline: The Amendment Process The Debate in Congress Main Idea: After some debate, the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to protect Americans’ individual rights and freedoms. Key Terms: Bill of Rights Amendment Process Convention Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action The Amendment Process Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action The Debate in Congress Congress, June 1789 James Madison declared that Americans believed that the Constitution did not adequately protect their rights. Congress, August 1789 Congress begins preparing the Bill of Rights Influences include the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Colonial Charters, and state constitutions Congress, December 15th, 1791 The Ten Amendments (Bill of Rights) are ratified and become part of the Constitution. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

“Protections in the Bill of Rights” Section 2 “Protections in the Bill of Rights” Section Outline: Protections of Individual Freedoms Protections Against Abuse of Power III. Protections of the Accused IV. Protections of Other Rights Main Idea: The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to guarantee the basic rights of citizens. These rights include protections of individual freedoms, protections against the government’s abuse of power, and the protections of the accused. Key Terms: Separation of Church and State Eminent Domain Due Process of Law Double Jeopardy Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Protections of Individual Freedoms The First Amendment Freedom of Religion Separation of Church and State: Government may not favor any religion or establish an official religion. Freedom of Speech Freedom of the Press Freedom of Assembly Right to meet together or gather Freedom of Petition Right to ask government to make or change a law or solve a problem. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Protections Against Abuse of Power The Second Amendment The Right to Bear Arms (Gun Ownership) The Third Amendment Protection from the housing of Soldiers The Fourth Amendment Protection from unreasonable search and seizures The Fifth Amendment (part I) Eminent Domain: the right for government to take private property; however owner has the right to a fair price for his or her property. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Protections of the Accused The Fifth Amendment (part II) Citizens are guaranteed Due Process of Law; A process by which the government must treat accused persons fairly according to the rules established by law. Citizens are protected from Double Jeopardy; being placed on trial twice for the same crime. The Sixth Amendment Citizens are guaranteed the right to a trial by jury in criminal cases. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Protections of the Accused (cont.) The Seventh Amendment Citizens are guaranteed the right to a trial by jury in most civil cases. The Eight Amendment Prohibits excessive bail, fines, and punishments. No “cruel and unusual” punishment Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Protections of Other Rights The Ninth Amendment Declares that rights not mentioned in the Constitution belong to the people. Citizen Rights are not limited to the one mentioned in the Constitution. The Tenth Amendment Declares that powers not given to the national government belong to the states or to the people. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

“Interpreting the Bill of Rights” Section 3 “Interpreting the Bill of Rights” Section Outline: The Role of the Courts Students and Free Speech The Skokie Case: Freedom for Nazis? The Continuing Challenge Main Idea: Many different situation call into question the meaning of our rights under the Constitution. It is role of the courts to interpret the Bill of Rights and to apply them to each case. Key Terms: Freedom of the Press Freedom of Speech Case Studies Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action The Role of the Courts Freedom of the Press The right to publish newspapers, magazines, and other materials without governmental restriction. Freedom of Speech The right to express one’s opinions publicly. Case Studies: Descriptions of situations or conflicts, the issues involved and decisions made. Case studies help us learn about America’s legal history Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Students and Free Speech The Tinker Case, 1965 Should students be allowed to wear armbands as a form of political protest? (In this case, the Vietnam War) The Supreme Court Ruling: “It can hardly be argued that students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate…Students in school as well as out of school are persons under our Constitution.” Civics: Government and Economics in Action

The Skokie Case: Freedom for Nazis? Should the American Nazi Party be allowed to march through a small town in Illinois? The Supreme Court Decision The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the American Nazi Party. Our Constitution protects “the principle of free thought, not free thought for those who agree with us but freedom for the thought that we hate.” Civics: Government and Economics in Action

The Continuing Challenge Our Rights The rights of the American citizens are not simply guaranteed because they are written down in the Constitution, they have been protected by citizens who firmly believe in the American system of government. Protecting the Constitution is a basic duties all citizens have. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action Chapter 7: Our Enduring Constitution Civics: Government and Economics in Action

“Changing the Law of the Land” “A Flexible Framework” Chapter Links Section 1 “Changing the Law of the Land” Section 2 “A Flexible Framework” Civics: Government and Economics in Action

“Changing the Law of the Land” Section 1 “Changing the Law of the Land” Section Outline: Abolishing Slavery African Americans and the Right to Vote III. Women and the Right to Vote IV. Youth and the Right to Vote V. The Voice of the People Main Idea: Citizenship and voting rights have undergone dramatic change in our country’s history. The amendment process enables our Constitution to adapt to a constantly changing society. Key Terms: Suffrage Poll Tax Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action Abolishing Slavery The Southern States Feared collapse of their economy if slave labor was outlawed. Tensions Missouri Compromise, 1820: divided new lands into “Free” and “Slave” territories. Dred Scott Court Decision The Supreme Court ruled that slaves were property and not citizens. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Abolishing Slavery (cont.) The Civil War War fought between the Northern States (The Union) and the Southern States (The Confederate States of America) Southern States wanted to be a separate country with their own weak federal government. 600,000 lives lost during this conflict The Thirteenth Amendment, 1865 Abolished slavery Civics: Government and Economics in Action

African Americans and the Right to Vote The Fourteenth Amendment, 1868 Established that all persons born or naturalized in the United States qualified for citizenship. This included African Americans and former slaves. No state may “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law” or “ deny to any person …the equal protection of the laws.” Civics: Government and Economics in Action

African Americans and the Right to Vote (cont.) The Fifteenth Amendment, 1870 Guarantees suffrage or the right to vote for all [male] citizens. No state may deny the vote to any person on the basis of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” The Twenty Fourth Amendment, 1964 Outlawed poll taxes or fees for voting Some states used poll taxes to keep minorities from voting. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Women and the Right to Vote Left Out For the most part, women had been excluded from full citizenship and subsequent rights. Women’s Suffrage Movement, 1848-1920 Seneca Falls convention: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal.” The Nineteenth Amendment, 1920 Guaranteed suffrage for women Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Youth and the Right to Vote The Twenty Sixth Amendment, 1971 Lowered the voting age to 18 The voting age had previously been 21 However thousands of citizens ages 18-21 had fought in foreign wars to preserve the American way of life, and it seemed unfair that they could not vote. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action The Voice of the People Amendments The “Framers” of our Constitution were wise to allow a way to amend and ratify our government. The Constitution is very flexible, and allows itself to be changed if a strong majority of representatives agrees on the proposed changes. There have been twenty seven total Amendments to the Constitution. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

“A Flexible Framework” Section 2 “A Flexible Framework” Section Outline: The Role of the Supreme Court Equality and Segregation III. Equality and Affirmative Action Women and Equality A Framework for the Future Main Idea: Amendments to the Constitution have enlarged the rights of African Americans and women with respect to equality. The Supreme Court applies the principles of the Constitution to the cases of issued that it hears. Key Terms: Equal Protection Segregation Affirmative Action Civics: Government and Economics in Action

The Role of the Supreme Court Overturning a Decision Court decisions set important precedents, but can be changed by amendments. Interpreting a Principle Justices on the Supreme Court have the job of interpreting the Constitution and its amendments as they apply to specific cases. Equal Protection Means that people must be treated fairly, but it does not mean that everyone must be treated exactly the same way. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Equality and Segregation Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Many states passed laws requiring segregation, or separation of blacks and whites in public places such as hotels, schools, and trains. The Supreme Court ruled in 1896 that segregation did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment, so long as blacks and whites had access to “separate but equal” facilities. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Equality and Segregation (cont.) Opposition to Segregation NAACP and Thurgood Marshall Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 The Supreme Court ruled that the “separate but equal” standard in Plessy v. Ferguson had no place in public education. Plessy v. Ferguson was overturned and segregation laws were declared unconstitutional; segregation was now illegal. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Equality and Affirmative Action Steps to counteract the effects of past racial discrimination and discrimination against women. The purpose is to help undo past wrongs. University of California v. Bakke, 1978 Allan Bakke was rejected from medical school despite having better credentials than minority applicants. He sued the Medical School at UC Davis for reverse discrimination; but The Supreme Court ruled that race could be a factor in deciding admissions. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action Women and Equality Women in the Workplace May a company hire only males? May they have different rules for women and men? May they pay men and women differently? Many of these issues are being debated in the American judicial system today The Phillips Case: Companies may not have “one hiring policy for women and another for men” Civics: Government and Economics in Action

Civics: Government and Economics in Action Women and Equality The Supreme Court and the Constitution All American citizens are entitled to equal protection New questions about equal protection are constantly arising, and the judicial system must review such cases to determine whether or not the Constitution is being followed. Civics: Government and Economics in Action