2. AP United States History Unit 2 A New Nation, 1783-1815

4. Goals Of The Constitution Origins  Found in the preamble of the Constitution.  Announced why the Constitution was to replace the Articles of Confederation. The Constitution http://lawlibnews.blog.asu.edu/files/2007/09/constitution_quill_pen.jpg/

5. Goals Of The Constitution The Goals  Establish justice.  National courts are needed to interpret and judge the laws.  Creates one system of justice.  Ensure domestic tranquility.  In response to Shays' Rebellion and interstate conflicts over trade and crime.  Provides the federal government with the authority to preserve the peace. American Eagle Seal Of The United States http://www.uwec.edu/freitard/GroupAndMinority/ Charlotte/Issues/eagle.bmp

6. Goals Of The Constitution The Goals  Provide for common defense.  Strong armed forces are important to a nation's foreign policy.  Provides Congress the power to raise and support an army and navy. Seal Of The U.S. Army http://www.ushistory.org/betsy/images/armyseal.jpg

7. Goals Of The Constitution The Goals  Promote the general welfare.  Provide for the well-being of the all the people by collecting taxes and setting aside money for programs to benefit society.  Secure the blessings of liberty.  The freedom to live as you please as long as you obey the laws and respect the rights of others. Statue Of liberty http://www.iec-okc.com/portals/0/ProjGalleryImages/Statue_of_liberty.jpg

9. Five Principles Popular Sovereignty  Defined.  The people rule through a social contract with the government.  A representative government in which people elect public officials in free and frequent elections. Original Thirteen States http://www.teachnet.ie/jheffernan/2005/images/american-revolution-map.gif

10. Five Principles Government ’ s Power Should Be Limited  Fearful of tyranny, the first government under the Articles of Confederation was deliberately made too weak.  Written in a Constitution, certain rights are guaranteed. The Constitution http://www.realtyworld-barnes.com/resources/constitution-01.gif/

11. Five Principles Federalism Results In A Sharing Of Power  Defined.  Power is broken up between the central and state governments.  Powers of the federal government are clearly stated in Article I, Section 10.  Powers reserved to the states are found in Article I and in the 10 th Amendment. Federalism http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/democracy/images/4federalism.jpg

12. Five Principles Separation Of Powers  Creates three branches of the federal government, each having its own powers.  Legislative---Make the laws.  Executive---Enforce the laws.  Judicial---Interpret the laws. Separation Of Powers http://www.fasttrackteaching.com/separation_powers600g50.gif

13. Five Principles Checks & Balances  Each branch is to check the powers of the other branches. Three Branches Of Government http://www.usconsulate.org.hk/pas/kids/images/branches.jpg

14. Five Principles Checks & Balances: Legislative (Congress)  POWERS.  Passes laws, taxes, and money bills.  Override a veto with 2/3 vote.  Approves Supreme Court appointments.  Raises and supports armed forces.  Declares war.  Sets standard weights and measures.  Regulates foreign and interstate commerce.  CHECKS ON POWER.  President can veto laws.  Supreme Court can rule that laws are unconstitutional.

15. Five Principles Checks & Balances: Executive (President)  POWERS.  Carry out the laws.  May propose or veto laws.  Conducts foreign policy.  Can grant pardons or reprieves.  Prepares the budget.  Appoints Supreme Court judges and other officials.  Serves as Commander-in- Chief of the armed forces.  CHECKS ON POWER.  Congress can override vetoes.  Congress can impeach the president and other high officials.  Senate approves Presidential appointments.

16. Five Principles Checks & Balances: Judicial (Federal Courts)  POWERS.  Interprets the laws.  Rules on the constitutionality of laws.  CHECKS ON POWER.  Congress can propose an amendment to the Constitution to change the laws.  Congress can refuse to approve presidential appointments.

18. Living Document Amendments  Extremely hard process to amend the Constitution.  Results in only 27 amendments in over 225 years. School House Rock! Bill http://www.postdiluvian.org/~gilly/Schoolhouse_Rock/pix/bill.jpg

19. Living Document Key Amendments: Bill Of Rights  First ten amendments.  Includes freedom of speech, the press, religion, assembly, the right to bear arms, protection from unreasonable search and seizure, trial by jury, and more. Bill Of Rights http://www.corliss-lamont.org/tbor-prt.gif

20. Living Document Key Amendments: Civil War Amendments  Amendments 13-15.  Ended slavery, guaranteed slaves citizenship and equal rights, and guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race. 13 th Amendment: Emancipation http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Images/13th.jpg

21. Living Document Key Amendments: Nineteenth Amendment  Extended the right to vote to women. Women’s Suffrage March http://www.photosofoldamerica.com/webart/large/133.jpg

22. Living Document Language & Tradition  The Elastic Clause.  Article I, Section 8, Clause 18.  Allowed Congress to stretch its powers to pass laws to change with society.  Commerce Clause.  Article I, Section 8, Clause 3.  Regulate trade with other nations and between states.  Allows the laws to keep pace with technological and economical changes. The Elastic Clause http://www.smackshopping.com/wp- content/uploads/2007/12/rubber%20band%20ball.jpg

23. Living Document Language & Tradition  Increased the power of the executive branch.  Creation of a Cabinet to head the different departments.  National emergencies increase the leadership role of the President. Washington’s First Cabinet: Knox, Hamilton, Jefferson, & Randolph http://www.gwu.edu/~ffcp/exhibit/p5/p5_9Large.jpg

24. Living Document Language & Tradition  Judicial review.  Established in Mabury v. Madison by John Marshall.  An interpretation of Article III, Section 2.  Allows the Supreme Court the right to decide whether a law violates the Constitution. John Marshall http://www.constitution.org/img/john_marshall_1824_peticolas.jpg

26. Responsibilities Of The Citizen  Learn about your rights.  Respect the rights of others.  Express your views. Norman Rockwell’s Freedom Of Speech http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/adc/1 0231137A~Freedom-Of-Speech-Posters.jpg

27. Responsibilities Of The Citizen  Stay informed about community and national issues.  Vote. Rock The Vote http://neillfamily.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/rock-the-vote.gif

28. Responsibilities Of The Citizen  Obey the laws.  Serve on juries. Norman Rockwell’s The Jury Room http://publish.pdesigner.com/Stone4Defense/Graphics/Library/juryroom_norman.jpg

29. Responsibilities Of The Citizen  Volunteer.  Defend the nation when called upon. Norman Rockwell’s The Red Cross Volunteer http://www.norman-rockwell.info/image/Thumbs/t_RedCrossVolunteer.jpg