 Temperature is…. › How much heat something has or does not have. › Measure of the average amount of kinetic energy in the molecules of a substance › Kinetic energy = movement = heat › The higher the temp. the faster the molecules move.

 The sum of the kinetic and potential energy in molecules › Kinetic = energy of motion › Potential = energy stored in bonds  Increases when: › Number of bonds or molecules increase › Motion of molecules increase › Space decreases

 Almost all substance will expand when heated and contract when cooled.  Why?  Gases expand more than liquids and liquids expand more than solids.  Marshmallow in microwave

 Celsius  Fahrenheit  Kelvin H 2 O freezesH 2 O boils 0° 100 ° 32 ° 212 °

 Fahrenheit to Celsius › (° F – 32) * 5/9  Celsius to Fahrenheit › (° C * 9/5) + 32  Celsius to Kelvin › K = ° C + 273

 Fahrenheit to Celsius:  32   212   80   55   72   Celsius to Fahrenheit:  0   100   14   27   33   Convert to Kelvin:  0  c  100  c  44  c  72  F  11  F

Thermal Energy Energy Measured as the …. of the object Motion of the … Energy Stored in the …

 Convert 31° F to Kelvin  Convert 250 K to Celsius.  Convert 320 K to Fahrenheit.

 Kinetic energy that is transferred from the molecules of one object to another.  + =

 Conduction › Heat transfer by direct contact › Kinetic energy of molecules transfers from moving particles to slower moving particles  Hot chocolate on your tongue  Ice cube in your hand  Egg in a skillet.

 Radiation › Heat is transferred electromagnetic waves › Waves carry energy  How the sun heats the earth.  Heat you feel from a camp fire.  How food is heated in a microWAVE.

 Convection › Heat is transferred by molecules moving from one area to another in a gas or liquid › When boiling water for Mac and Cheese.  Turn stove on and burner transfers heat to pot through conduction.  Heat transfers from pot to first water molecules through conduction.  Water molecules on the bottom that have heat move to the top and the entire pot of water is heated by convection.  Macaroni is heated through conduction.

 Swimming pools and lakes. › Warmer water is always on top.  Wind › Created by cool dense air pushing it’s way toward warmer less dense air. › Why the ocean is a great place to fly a kite.

 Any material that easily transfers heat. › Can you name a few?  Metals  Gold  Copper  Iron  Titanium

 A material that heat does not flow easily.  Used to handle hot objects or insulate houses and buildings. › Wood › Fiberglass › Plastic › Rubber › Air

 Different materials absorb heat at different rates. › On a hot summer day would you rather stand barefoot for an hour on a paved parking lot surface or on the grass? › Parking lot absorbs and retains heat.

 The increase in the overall temperature of a body of water due to warm water inflow. › Plants and factories that sit on the banks of a river use the water to cool their machines and then release the warmed water back into the natural environment.  Effects = › warm water can retain less oxygen than cool water. Aquatic life needs oxygen.

 Find an article on thermal pollution caused by human activity. › Write a short paragraph explaining the impacts on the environment and how we as humans could fix the problem.  Design an energy efficient house. Label all areas where radiation, conduction, and convection will take place. Make sure to put a (+) beside those areas that are good for energy use and a (-) beside areas where the heat transfer is bad.