1 Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330, Thailand Plantwide control structure design for an acid-catalyzed process to produce biodiesel from used palm oil Adviser : Dr. Soorathep Kheawhom Presented by Teerapan Rujirachun

2 Outline ● Introduction ● Theory ● Biodiesel plant ● Steady State Simulation ● Dynamic State Simulation ● Results and discussion ● Conclusions ● Introduction

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4 Outline ● Introduction ● Theory ● Biodiesel plant ● Steady State Simulation ● Dynamic State Simulation ● Results and discussion ● Conclusions ● Theory

5 Alcohol Vegetable oil or Animal fat Glycerol Catalyst Biodiesel Transesterification

6 Effect of Alkali-Catalyst

7 Outline ● Introduction ● Theory ● Biodiesel plant ● Steady State Simulation ● Dynamic State Simulation ● Results and discussion ● Conclusions ● Biodiesel plant

8 Biodiesel Production Prepare waste cooking oil and other chemical Transesterification Separate Biodiesel from Glycerol Catalyst Removal Biodiesel Purification Glycerine Purification

9 Outline ● Introduction ● Theory ● Biodiesel plant ● Steady State Simulation ● Dynamic State Simulation ● Results and discussion ● Conclusions ● Steady State Simulation

10 Biodiesel Production MixingTransesterification Heat Exchanger Recycle Methanol Methanol Recovery Acid Removal CaO + H 2 SO 4 ↔ CaSO 4 + H 2 O Water Washing Glycerol Purification Biodiesel Purification

11 Outline ● Introduction ● Theory ● Biodiesel plant ● Steady State Simulation ● Dynamic State Simulation ● Results and discussion ● Conclusions ● Dynamic State Simulation

12 Plantwide Control Procedure Establish control objectives Determine control degrees of freedom Establish energy management system Luyben &Tyreus 1998

13 Plantwide Control Procedure Establish energy management system

14 Plantwide Control Procedure Set production rate

15 Plantwide Control Procedure Set production rate

16 Plantwide Control Procedure Set production rate Control product quality and handle safety, operational, and environmental constraints

17 Plantwide Control Procedure Control product quality

18 Plantwide Control Procedure Set production rate Control product quality and handle safety, operational, and environmental constraints Fix a flow in every recycle loop and control inventories

19 Plantwide Control Procedure Fix a flow in every recycle loop and control inventories

20 Plantwide Control Procedure Check component balances

21 Plantwide Control Procedure Check component balances Used palm oil Methanol Sulfuric acid

22 Plantwide Control Procedure Check component balances Control individual unit operation Optimize economic and improve dynamic controllability

23 Outline ● Introduction ● Theory ● Biodiesel plant ● Steady State Simulation ● Dynamic State Simulation ● Results and discussion ● Conclusions ● Results and discussion

24 Disturbance test The control structure of Biodiesel production process

25 Disturbance test Increase heat load disturbance of hot stream

26 Disturbance test Change in feedstock before inlet reactor

27 Outline ● Introduction ● Theory ● Biodiesel plant ● Steady State Simulation ● Dynamic State Simulation ● Results and discussion ● Conclusions

28 Conclusions The control structure of this process can control purity of Biodiesel product greater than 99.65%wt. and glycerine by-product greater than 92%wt. (ASTM specifications) The control structure can control to achieve the control objective then change in load disturbance and change in feedstock before inlet reactor for transesterification.

29 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION