Unit 1: Cold War Conflicts “Mr. President, I'm not saying we won't get our hair mussed. I do say, no more than ten to twenty million killed, tops! Depending on the breaks” - From Dr. Strangelove Unit Schedule: 25.3 (pg. 752) - Aftermath of WWII How did the Allies end World War Two? Impact of WWII In what ways was the United States reshaped by the Second World War? Origins of the Cold War How did the Cold War begin? The Cold War Heats up What did the United States do to stop Communism abroad? The Cold War at Home What did the United States do to stop communism domestically? Two Nations Live on the Edge What other events increased the tension between the United States and the Soviet Union during the 1950s?

25.3- Rebuilding Begins Lesson Objective: Understand the beginning of rebuilding after the Second World War. Essential Question: How should an occupying nation conduct itself, after the conclusion of a war? Dresden, Germany- 1945

Key Terms Yalta Conference United Nations Potsdam Conference Nuremberg Trials

Key Dates Feb Yalta conference June U.N. Charter signed in San Francisco July Potsdam Conference Nov Nuremburg Trials May MacArthur Constitution is enacted in Japan

World War II Statistics: Million people killed – 2.5% of the world’s population Allies: 16 million soldiers / 45 million civilians Soviet Union 8 million soldiers / 12 million civilians Axis: 8 million soldiers / 4 million civilians U.S. expenditures $288 billion = $5 trillion today How do you rebuild after such a devastating war? Most German & Japanese cities had been destroyed

The Yalta Conference- Feb 1945 Last meeting of the “big three” Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin The deal: Soviets would join war in Pacific after defeat of Germany United Nations would be created Eastern European nations were promised free elections France would be included in governing Germany after the war

The United Nations Charter was adopted by 50 nations and founding charter was signed in San Francisco- June 1945 Meant to be world peacekeeping body Gave an opportunity for nations to discuss issues Power in U.N. came from the security council 11 nations U.S., France, U.K., China, U.S.S.R. all permanent member with veto power Other six seats rotated to other countries elected by General Assembly Would be headquartered in New York City

The Purposes of the United Nations are: To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace; To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace; To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.

Potsdam Conference- July 1945 Stalin, Truman, Churchill (replaced by Attlee mid conference) Germany will pay limited reparations Split into four occupation zones U.S. Britain, France, and U.S.S.R. Change in German/Polish border “Denazification” Prosecution of War criminals

Nuremberg Trials 22 Nazi leaders were put on trial First time this had ever happened 12 were executed Remaining defendants were imprisoned Think: Pair: Share- Do you think it was important to put these men on trial? Why or why not? “…They are living symbols of racial hatreds, of terrorism and violence, and of the arrogance and cruelty of power…Civilization can afford no compromise with social forces which would gain renewed strength if we deal ambiguously or indecisively with men in whom those forces nor precariously survive.”- Robert Jackson U.S. Supreme Court Judge, his opening remarks at Nuremburg.

U.S. Occupation of Japan U.S. forces able to keep Soviets out of occupation of Japan Japan totally under control of Gen. Douglas MacArthur 1,100 Japanese suspects arrested for war crimes Prime Minister Hideki Tojo arrested and executed Emperor Hirohito issues Humanity Declaration MacArthur institutes free market and liberal reforms Free elections Japanese Constitution is called the MacArthur Constitution MacArthur with Hirohito

Quiz 25.3 Matching- please select the best answer from the following 1.Gen. MacArthur 2.Potsdam Conference 3.San Francisco 4.Nuremburg 5.Yalta Conference a)Where the U.N. charter was signed b)Attended by FDR, Stalin, and Churchill c)Location of the Nazi war criminals trial d)Military governor of Japan e)The plan to split Germany between the allied powers was made here f)American governor of Germany