What were the causes of the American Revolution? Essential Question What were the causes of the American Revolution?

The French and Indian War

French Territory

Fort Beausejour

French Territory

Fort Louisbourg

French Territory

Port Royal

Who Fought This War? The French The British The Colonists Indian Groups

French Movement French army moved into western Pennsylvania in 1754 France wanted to use the Ohio River to travel to the Mississippi, then on to New Orleans.

George Washington Virginia governor sent George Washington to western Pennsylvania

Fort Necessity Washington quickly built Fort Necessity French attacked and defeated Washington

Fort Necessity

Fort Necessity

The Albany Conference June 1754 7 colonies sent representatives to discuss an alliance with the Iroquois Indians

Albany Plan of Union Proposed by Benjamin Franklin Idea that colonies unite to form a federal government Rejected

British Victory

Battle of Quebec

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Pontiac’s War Pontiac – chief of the Ottawa United other Indian tribes to attack British forts and settlers along the frontier

Proclamation Act of 1763 Issued by King George No settlers allowed to move west of the Proclamation Line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains

Taxes on the Colonies Needed to pay war debt and cost of British soldiers in America

James Otis Wrote a pamphlet which stated: “No taxation without representation.” Colonists had no representatives in Parliament

The Stamp Act March 1765 Required stamps on all printed materials Newspapers, wills, deeds, dice, playing cards

Quartering Act Forced colonists to house British soldiers

Sons of Liberty Held outdoor meetings and demonstrations Protested British acts

Quote, Sons of Liberty “In the morning a mob assembled and erected a gallows near the town house and the dispers’d, and about ten a clock reassembled and took the effigies of several men and the Stamp Master . . . To said gallows where they were hung up by the neck . . . About dusk they broke every window in his house, frames and all, likewise chairs, tables, pictures and everything they could come across.”

Nonimportation Agreement Merchants pledged not to buy any British goods

Daughters of Liberty Supported the colonists Began weaving homespun – a simple cloth that became a sign of patriotism

Boston Massacre Britain sent 1000 troops to Boston Soldiers harassed by the crowds

Boston Massacre Troops fired into the crowd First victim was Crispus Attucks 5 died in all

Committee of Correspondence March 1773 Thomas Jefferson asked each colony to create a committee to communicate with other colonies Began to unify the colonies

Tea Act (1773) Created to help the British East India Company Company could bypass colonial merchants

Boston Tea Party Dec. 1773 Men dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor

Coercive Acts Boston Tea Party angered King George III Created laws designed to punish Massachusetts

Intolerable Acts Shut down the port of Boston All officials appointed by the royal governor rather than elected Town meetings banned Housing must be provided for British soldiers

Common Sense Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine Attacked King George III as a tyrant Time to claim independence

Thomas Paine “Everything that is right or reasonable pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, ‘Tis time to part . . . Every spot of the old world is overrun with oppression. Freedom hath been hunted around the globe . . . And England hath given her warning to depart.”

Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 Declared the colonies independent of England The United States of America