New York

Henry Hudson’s Voyages

The Dutch Found New Netherland Henry Hudson (employed by the Dutch Gov’t) gave permission to Dutch West India Company to colonize New Netherland Hoped to expand thriving fur trade Capital was called New Amsterdam (Now NYC)

A Diverse Colony Encouraged Germans, French, Scandinavians and Africans (both free and enslaved) to settle. Enjoyed a good trade relationship with the Native Americans.

English Takeover To the English, New Netherland had become a “Dutch wedge”. King Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York 1664  English soldiers arrived.  Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses.  Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a shot.

New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colony Renamed “New York”  England gained strategic harbor between her northern & southern colonies.  England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

New York City [1673] NYC Coins [17 c – Early 18 c ]

Dutch Residue in New York Early 20 c Dutch Revival Building in NYC. New York City seal. Names  Harlem, Brooklyn Architecture  gambrel roof Customs  Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, bowling, sleighing, skating, kolf [golf].

Pennsylvania

The Quakers Called Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices. They offended religious & secular leaders in England.  Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England.  They met without paid clergy  Believed all were children of God  refused to treat the upper classes with deference.  Dressed plainly  Addressed them as commoners  ”thees”/“thous.”  Wouldn’t take oaths.  Pacifists.

Quaker Meeting

1681  he received a grant from king to establish a colony.  This settled a debt the king owed his father.  Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”]. Penn saw his colony as a “holy experiment” -Called for a representative assembly and freedom of religion. Focused on equality, cooperation and tolerance He sent out paid agents and advertised for settlers  his pamphlets were pretty honest.  Liberal land policy attracted many immigrants. William Penn

Royal Land Grant to Penn

Penn & Native Americans Bought [didn’t simply take] land from Indians. Quakers went among the Indians unarmed. Had a court made up of N.A. and Colonists BUT…….. non-Quaker Europeans flooded PA  Treated native peoples poorly.  This undermined the actions of the Quakers!

Penn’s Treaty with the Native Americans Penn’s Treaty with the Native Americans

Government of Pennsylvania Representative assembly elected by landowners. No tax-supported church. Freedom of worship guaranteed to all. Death penalty only for treason & murder.  Compared to 200 capital crimes in England!

Pennsylvanian Society Attracted many different people  Religious misfits from other colonies.  Many different ethnic groups. No provision for military defense. No restrictions on immigration. No slavery!! “Blue Laws” [sumptuary laws]  against stage plays, cards, dice, excessive hilarity, etc. A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!!

A Quick Comparison VirginiaNew EnglandEnglish Middle Colonies -Virginia Company established in Colony is saved by export of tobacco (1612) -First African slaves are brought to N. America (1619) -Settlers clash with Powhatan tribe (1622) - English Pilgrims establish colony at Plymouth (1620) -English Puritans establish colony in Salem (1630) -Roger Williams is Banished and founds colony in Providence (1635) -Anne Hutchinson is banished for heresy (1638) -Puritans clash with Native Americans in Pequot War (1637) and King Phillip’s War (1675) -Dutch found colony of New Netherland (1621) -English acquire New Netherland and rename it New York (1664) -William Penn establishes colony of Pennsylvania (1681) -By the mid-1700’s, there are 13 English colonies in North America

Other Colonization…. Chapter three wrap-up Caribbean- Carolinas- Mississippi & Louisiana- New Mexico & Florida