The Atom Atomic Number Mass Number Isotopes Elements Periodic Table Atoms and Elements

What do all of these things have in common?

What Are Atoms? Atoms are the building blocks of matter. So what is “matter”? Anything that has mass AND takes up space.

Which of the following are considered matter Pizza Wood Love Soil Heat Hope Air Silk Beauty Juice X- Rays Sunshine

Subatomic Particles: Smaller Parts of an Atom ParticleSymbol Charge Electron e - -1 Proton p + +1 Neutron n 0

Location of Subatomic Particles cm electrons protons neutrons cm nucleus

Number of Electrons An atom is neutral = zero net charge because the # of protons = # of electrons Atomic Mass = # of p + + # of n Atomic Number = # of protons = # of electrons An atom with a charge is called an ion (unequal #’s of protons and electrons).

Electron Levels (Shells) Contain electrons that are similar in energy and distance from nucleus Low energy electrons are closest to the nucleus Identify by letters k, l, m, n, o, p, q The first shell (k) is lowest in energy, 2 nd level next and so on k<l<m<n<o<p<q

Order of Electron Filling The smallest shell must be filled before the next size can contain any electrons. K-Shell 2 electrons L-Shell 8 electrons M-Shell 8 electrons Order of filling for the first 16 electrons Shellk lm 2e8e 6e

Atomic Number Counts the number of ? in an atom

Atomic Mass Counts the number of ? + ? in an atom

Subatomic Particles in Some Atoms O P Zn p + 15 p + 30 p + 8 n16 n35 n 8 e - 15 e - 30 e - Which number do you think is the atomic number? How do you know?

What Are Isotopes? Atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. Atoms of the same element (same atomic number) with different atomic masses. Isotopes of Chlorine 35 Cl 37 Cl17 chlorine - 35 chlorine - 37

Learning Check Naturally occurring carbon consists of three isotopes, C-12, C-13, and C-14. State the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of these carbon atoms. 12 C 13 C 14 C #p _______ _______ _______ #n _______ _______ _______ #e _______ _______ _______

What Are Elements? Pure substances made up of all the same type of atom (same # of: p +, n, e - ) The 4 most abundant elements on Earth are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen (POINTER: COHN or NOCH) 112 elements known today Examples: carbon gold calcium

What element do these things have in common?

Here’s a Hint…

IRON (Fe) Latin: ferrum Cheapest… Most common… Most useful… Used extensively for the making of STEEL

IRON (Fe) Latin: ferrum It also carries oxygen in hemoglobin in red blood cells.

Symbols of Elements Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only Examples: C carbon Cocobalt N nitrogenCacalcium F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium

Symbols from Latin Names ElementSymbolLatin name CopperCucuprum GoldAuaurum LeadPbplumbum MercuryHghydrargyrum PotassiumKkalium SilverAgargentum SodiumNanatrium TinSnstannum

% Major Elements in the Body O65.0 %K 0.34 C18.0S 0.26 H10.0Na 0.14 N 3.0Cl 0.14 Ca 1.4Fe P 1.0 Zn Mg 0.50

Take a guess what the correct symbol is for the element! Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 1) C 2) Ca3) CA B. Sulfur 1) S 2) Sl3) Su C. Iron 1) Ir 2) FE3) Fe

Take a guess what the correct element is! Select the correct name for each: A. N 1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickel B. P 1) potassium 2) phogiston 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver 2) agean3) gold

Atomic Theory Atoms are the building blocks of all matter, which included elements Similar atoms in each element Different from atoms of other elements

Periodic Table The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to: The number of protons, neutrons, and electrons The way they look The way they act

The Periodic Table Shows the mass number and atomic number Gives the symbol of the element mass number 23 Na atomic number 11

Groups of Elements Vertical (up and down) columns on the periodic table Indicates the number of electrons on the outer most shell called valence electrons.

Periods on the Periodic Table Horizontal (left to right) rows on the Periodic Table. Numbered 1-7 Indicates the number of orbitals or shells the element has.

Periods on the Periodic Table

Using The Periodic Table In your notes, use your periodic tables to determine the following for the elements at the bottom. The number of protons The number of neutrons The number of shells The number of electrons on the outer most shell (valence electrons) Draw the atoms for each Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Chlorine (Cl)