Internet History ©Richard L. Goldman July 2, 2002

ARPA Advanced Research Project Agency Also know as DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Project Agency) 1958 U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) formed ARPA in response to Soviet launch of Sputnik and the fear of Soviet domination of space.

ARPANET Advanced Research Project Agency Network Developed to: Exchange data between research and government agencies Withstand catastrophic damage (hurricanes, nuclear strike, etc.) Interconnect different types of networks First nodes: 1.Aug 1969 – University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) 2.Oct 1969 – Stanford Research Institute (SRI) 3.Nov 1969 – University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) 4.Dec 1969 – University of Utah #1 UCLA #2 SRI #3 UCSB #4 Utah

NCP Network Control Protocol 1970 – Completed the first Host-to-Host protocol used by ARPANET (called NCP) NCP was based on the new and powerful concept of packet switching.

@ – First application was written by Ray Tomlinson at BBN Technologies 1972 – Tomlinson upgraded and released user-friendly application 1973 – accounts for 75% of ARPANET traffic BBN – Bolt, Beranek and Newman; the last names of the three founders of BBN Technologies

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol 1973 Developed to replace NCP 1978 Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) released 1983 TCP/IP Implemented as ARPANET standard TCP/IP architecture was first proposed by Bob Kahn at BBN and further developed by Kahn and Vinton Cerf and others at Stanford –Vinton Cerf was involved in much of the development of the Internet and has been called “The father of the Internet”

UNIX version 4.2BSD UNIX is a derivation of UNICS – UNIplexed Information and Computing System –(UNICS is a pun on its predecessor MULTICS - Multiplexed Information and Computing System – Unix was not originally envisioned to be a multi-tasking operating system) 1983 – The Berkley Software Distribution version of UNIX was released (UNIX 4.2BSD) 4.2BSD incorporated support for TCP/IP

DNS Domain Name System A global directory structure to resolve IP addresses to domain names 1985 – DNS started Six large domains were named: –edu (education) –gov (government) –mil (military) –com (commercial) –org (organization) –net (network resources).

NSFNET National Science Foundation Network 1986 – National Science Foundation created high speed Internet backbone (56Kbps)

Internet 1990 – ARPANET name is dropped and replaced with Internet.

WWW World Wide Web 1991 – WWW Released by CERN CERN (Conseil Europeen pour le Recherche Nucleaire) is an international research institute in Geneva, Switzerland Tim Berners-Lee developer

InterNIC Internet Network Information Center 1993 – InterNIC was created to provide Internet domain name registration services

Mosaic 1993 – First web browser Allowed GUI browsing of the Internet Freeware

ISOC Internet Society 1992 – Founded as the umbrella Internet organization – Took over control from U.S. Government Non-governmental organization, made up of more than 100 organizations and thousands of individuals Its international mission to foster global cooperation and coordination on Internet technologies It serves as a global clearinghouse for Internet related information

ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers 1998 – Assumed management of domain names and addresses, DNS, and protocols Includes three supporting organizations: ASO – Address Support Organization DNSO – Domain Name Support Organization PSO – Protocol Support Organization The actual registration is of domain names is performed separate organizations (Registrars)

IP (IPv6) 2000 – Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) deployed on Internet backbone Improvement include: –Increases the number if IP addresses –Improved routing capabilities –Network autoconfiguration Designed to coexist with IPv4

Internet History Review DateEventSignificance 1958ARPA formedResponse to Soviet launch of Sputnik 1969ARPANET createdFirst internetwork 1970NCP completedFirst host-to-host protocol 1972 app releasedAllowed on ARPANET 1978IPv4 releasedAllowed all host to use common protocol 1983TCP/IP as standardRequired all host to use common protocol 1983UNIX 4.2BSD releasedAdded TCP/IP to UNIX 1984DNS introducedAllowed name to address resolution 1986NSFNET backboneEstablished high speed backbone 1990ARPANET to InternetName change 1991WWW ReleasedAllowed the use of hyperlinks 1993InterNIC createdManages domain names 1993Mosaic releasedFirst GUI based browser 1995ISOC took controlPrivatization of Internet 1998ICANN createdManages domains names, addresses, & DNS 2000IPv6 on backboneAutoconfiguration & more addresses

Common Internet History Terms ARPA ARPANET DoD SRI UCSB NCP TCP IP HTTP DNS ISOC ICANN InterNIC Mosaic Ray Tomlinson Bob Kahn Vinton Cerf Tim Berners-Lee Advanced Research Project Agency Advanced Research Project Agency Network Department of Defense Stanford Research Institute University of California Santa Barbara Network Control Protocol Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Hypertext Transport Protocol Domain Name System Internet Society Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Internet Network Information Center First browser TCP/IP “Father of the Internet” World Wide Web

Internet History Quiz - Dates DateEventSignificance ARPA formedResponse to Soviet launch of Sputnik ARPANET createdFirst internetwork NCP completedFirst host-to-host protocol app releasedAllowed on ARPANET IPv4 releasedAllowed all host to use common protocol TCP/IP as standardRequired all host to use common protocol UNIX 4.2BSD releasedAdded TCP/IP to UNIX DNS introducedAllowed name to address resolution NSFNET backboneEstablished high speed backbone ARPANET to InternetName change WWW ReleasedAllowed the use of hyperlinks InterNIC createdManages domain names Mosaic releasedFirst GUI based browser ISOC took controlPrivatization of Internet ICANN createdManages domains names, addresses, & DNS IPv6 on backboneAutoconfiguration & more addresses

Internet History Quiz – Dates Answers DateEventSignificance 1958ARPA formedResponse to Soviet launch of Sputnik 1969ARPANET createdFirst internetwork 1970NCP completedFirst host-to-host protocol 1972 app releasedAllowed on ARPANET 1978IPv4 releasedAllowed all host to use common protocol 1983TCP/IP as standardRequired all host to use common protocol 1983UNIX 4.2BSD releasedAdded TCP/IP to UNIX 1984DNS introducedAllowed name to address resolution 1986NSFNET backboneEstablished high speed backbone 1990ARPANET to InternetName change 1991WWW ReleasedAllowed the use of hyperlinks 1993InterNIC createdManages domain names 1993Mosaic releasedFirst GUI based browser 1995ISOC took controlPrivatization of Internet 1998ICANN createdManages domains names, addresses, & DNS 2000IPv6 on backboneAutoconfiguration & more addresses

Internet History Quiz - Events DateEventSignificance 1958Response to Soviet launch of Sputnik 1969First internetwork 1970First host-to-host protocol 1972Allowed on ARPANET 1978Allowed all host to use common protocol 1983Required all host to use common protocol 1983Added TCP/IP to UNIX 1984Allowed name to address resolution 1986Established high speed backbone 1990Name change 1991Allowed the use of hyperlinks 1993Manages domain names 1993First GUI based browser 1995Privatization of Internet 1998Manages domains names, addresses, & DNS 2000Autoconfiguration & more addresses

Internet History Quiz – Events Answers DateEventSignificance 1958ARPA formedResponse to Soviet launch of Sputnik 1969ARPANET createdFirst internetwork 1970NCP completedFirst host-to-host protocol 1972 app releasedAllowed on ARPANET 1978IPv4 releasedAllowed all host to use common protocol 1983TCP/IP as standardRequired all host to use common protocol 1983UNIX 4.2BSD releasedAdded TCP/IP to UNIX 1984DNS introducedAllowed name to address resolution 1986NSFNET backboneEstablished high speed backbone 1990ARPANET to InternetName change 1991WWW ReleasedAllowed the use of hyperlinks 1993InterNIC createdManages domain names 1993Mosaic releasedFirst GUI based browser 1995ISOC took controlPrivatization of Internet 1998ICANN createdManages domains names, addresses, & DNS 2000IPv6 on backboneAutoconfiguration & more addresses

Internet History Quiz - Significance DateEventSignificance 1958ARPA formed 1969ARPANET created 1970NCP completed 1972 app released 1978IPv4 released 1983TCP/IP as standard 1983UNIX 4.2BSD released 1984DNS introduced 1986NSFNET backbone 1990ARPANET to Internet 1991WWW Released 1993InterNIC created 1993Mosaic released 1995ISOC took control 1998ICANN created 2000IPv6 on backbone

Internet History Quiz – Significance Answers DateEventSignificance 1958ARPA formedResponse to Soviet launch of Sputnik 1969ARPANET createdFirst internetwork 1970NCP completedFirst host-to-host protocol 1972 app releasedAllowed on ARPANET 1978IPv4 releasedAllowed all host to use common protocol 1983TCP/IP as standardRequired all host to use common protocol 1983UNIX 4.2BSD releasedAdded TCP/IP to UNIX 1984DNS introducedAllowed name to address resolution 1986NSFNET backboneEstablished high speed backbone 1990ARPANET to InternetName change 1991WWW ReleasedAllowed the use of hyperlinks 1993InterNIC createdManages domain names 1993Mosaic releasedFirst GUI based browser 1995ISOC took controlPrivatization of Internet 1998ICANN createdManages domains names, addresses, & DNS 2000IPv6 on backboneAutoconfiguration & more addresses

Internet History Quiz – Events & Significance DateEventSignificance

Internet History Quiz – Events & Significance Answers DateEventSignificance 1958ARPA formedResponse to Soviet launch of Sputnik 1969ARPANET createdFirst internetwork 1970NCP completedFirst host-to-host protocol 1972 app releasedAllowed on ARPANET 1978IPv4 releasedAllowed all host to use common protocol 1983TCP/IP as standardRequired all host to use common protocol 1983UNIX 4.2BSD releasedAdded TCP/IP to UNIX 1984DNS introducedAllowed name to address resolution 1986NSFNET backboneEstablished high speed backbone 1990ARPANET to InternetName change 1991WWW ReleasedAllowed the use of hyperlinks 1993InterNIC createdManages domain names 1993Mosaic releasedFirst GUI based browser 1995ISOC took controlPrivatization of Internet 1998ICANN createdManages domains names, addresses, & DNS 2000IPv6 on backboneAutoconfiguration & more addresses