2. The switching 60sThe switching 60s

3. Telephone Telephone network is the dominating communication network Used circuit switching

4. Computer communicationComputer communication Short bursts of information Long inactivity periods Packet switching More suitable for this type of communication More robust

5. ARPAnet Advanced Research Projects Agency at MIT The first packet switching network IMP (Interface message processor) installed at UCLA UC Santa Barbara Stanford Univ. of Utah

6. The 70sThe 70s

7. 1972: ARPAnet is now consistent of 15 nodes The first host-to-host protocol NCP (Network Control Protocol) enables applications to be written First e-mail program

8. New networks emerging…New networks emerging… ALOHAnet Enabling communication over microwaves between the Hawaiian Islands. Telenet Commercial packet switching network based on ARPAnets technology Cyclades French packet switching network IBMs SNA Parallelled ARPAnets work Tymnet, GE Information Services network etc. Time sharing networks

9. Networks of networksNetworks of networks DARPA (Defence ARPA) funded the connection of networks Networks of networks also called inernetting

10. Protocols TCP IP (early version of) TCP was used for connecting the networks Forwarding functions IP UDP

11. More ProtocolsMore Protocols Ethernet protocol Enabling wired based broadcast sharing networks Laying the foundation for LAN ALOHA Protocol Multiple access protocol

12. The 80sThe 80s

13. More computer networksMore computer networks BITNET University e-mail and file sharing CSNET Linking researchers without access to the ARPAnet NSFNET Connection to supercomputing centers 56kbps backbone, later 1,5Mbps and serving as the linking backbone between regional networks

14. Standardisation TCP/IP replacing NCP as the standard host protocol for ARPAnet The late 80s: Congestion control is added to TCP DNS is invented

15. The 90sThe 90s

16. Commercialisation ARPAnet closes down NSFNET serving as backbone connecting the regional networks and opening the network for commercial purposes In 1995 NSFNET is decomissioned and Internet Service Providers serves as the new backbones in its place

17. Developments The key components of the web: HTML, HTTP, web server and a web browser is developed in the early 90s 93: web browsers with GUI. 95: Web commerce Killer applications: E-mail The Web IM (ICQ) P2P file sharing (Napster)

18. The rest is history…The rest is history…