1. Internet Structure: Technology, Coordination, and Organizations
LESSON 2
Module 1: The History and the Future of the Web
Internet Structure: Technology, Coordination, and Organizations

2. Lesson Overview In this lesson, you will:
Learn about the relationship between the Internet and the Web
Understand and discuss the evolution of the Internet
Share your experiences in accessing and using the Internet
Day 2

3. Guiding Question
How has the Internet impacted you, your friends, your family, and your community (local, national, and global)?

4. Internet Visionaries and Pioneers
Joseph Licklider, 1962, Galactic Network
Larry Roberts, 1965, connected two computers that shared files
Leonard Kleinrock, 1969, ARPANET
Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, 1974, co-designed TCP/IP
Joseph Licklider, 1962, Galactic Network described today’s Internet
Larry Roberts, 1965, connected two computers that shared files—one in Massachusetts and the other in California
Leonard Kleinrock, 1969, connected the first computer on the ARPANET making it the first computer on the Internet
Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, 1974, co-designed TCP/IP, the first networking communication protocols

5. Internet History and Structure
The United States government’s role
1958 U.S. Department of Defense commissioned ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency)
Name changed to DARPA
1960s Communications Initiative
1958 U.S. Department of Defense commissioned ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency)
Research and development organization for Dept. of Defense
Name changed to DARPA
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
1960s Communications Initiative
Ensure communication systems remain intact if damaged due to natural disaster or attack

6. Internet History and Structure
The United States government’s role 1960s
ARPA commissioned ARPANET
First WAN (Wide Area Network)
Packet switching
Universities, research institutes, and several NATO countries
Larry Roberts
Internet History and Structure
U.S. Government’s Role 1960s
ARPA commissioned ARPANET
First WAN (Wide Area Network)
Used packet switching
Computers located at universities, research institutes, and several NATO countries
Larry Roberts was the director of the Computer Research Program.

7. Internet History and Structure
The United States government’s role 1960s
ARPANET—Four-node network restricted to government, academia, and research
1st Node—UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
2nd Node—SRI (Stanford Research Institute)
3rd Node—UCSB (University of California, Santa Barbara)
4th Node—University of Utah

8. Internet History and Structure
National Science Foundation’s role in the 1980s
NSF funded Computer Science Network (CSN)
NSF funded Supercomputing Program
NSFNET / Supercomputing Program
Both networks allowed commercial access
National Science Foundation’s role in the 1980s
NSF funded Computer Science Network (CSN) to connect computer science departments in universities not connected to ARPANET
NSF funded Supercomputing Program making high-performance computers available to researchers
NSFNET created as a result of Supercomputing Program
Both networks not restricted to research and academia—allowed commercial access

9. Internet History and Structure
National Science Foundation’s role in the 1980s
NSF granted network access points to
Commercial Backbones
New York Sprint
Washington, DC MFS
Chicago Ameritech
California Pacific Bell

10. Internet History and Structure
National Science Foundation’s role in the 1990s
April 30, 1995, NSFNET dissolved
Maintained vBNS
Very-High-Speed Backbone Network Service
Internet 2

11. Practice
Using complete the simulation entitled “How Does the Internet Work?” and answer the questions on the worksheet.
Using a variety of resources, answer the questions on The Internet History, Pioneers, and Standards.

12. Lesson Review During this lesson, you learned:
The relationship between the Internet and the Web
How the Internet evolved
How connection factors impact your Internet experience
This is the last slide of the presentation.