Child Development A Look at Atticus’ parenting style

Erik Erikson's Stages of Development AgePsychological Stage Birth to 1 yearTrust vs. Mistrust (Hope) Learning that the provider of comfort is reliable, consistent, and predictable 2 to 3 yearsAutonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Will) Learning to exercise independence and freedom of choice along with self- control

 During it, the healthily developing child learns: (1) to imagine, to broaden his skills through active play of all sorts, including fantasy (2) to cooperate with others (3) to lead as well as to follow.  Immobilized by guilt, he is: (1) fearful (2) hangs on the fringes of groups (3) continues to depend unduly on adults (4) is restricted both in the development of play skills and in imagination. 3 to 5 years Initiative vs. Guilt (Purpose) Planning and executing a task for the sake of actively doing it

6 to 11 yearsIndustry vs. Inferiority (Competence) Developing as a worker and producer  Here the child learns to master the more formal skills of life: (1) relating with peers according to rules (2) progressing from free play to play that may be elaborately structured by rules & may demand formal teamwork, such as baseball (3) mastering social studies, reading, arithmetic.  Homework is a necessity, and the need for self-discipline increases yearly.  The child who should easily enough to be industrious. the mistrusting child will doubt the future. the shame – and guilt-filled child will experience defeat & inferiority.

AdolescenceIdentity vs. Role Confusion (Fidelity) Evolving a sense of self that is reliable and consistent, both for oneself and for others Young adulthood Intimacy vs. Isolation (Love) Preparing for a commitment to affiliation with others and developing the ethical strength to abide by such commitments

Middle ageGenerativity vs. Stagnation (Care) Finding a way to support in the establishment and guidance of the next generation Old ageIntegrity vs. Despair (Wisdom) Integrating the earlier stages into an acceptance of oneself and a sense of fulfillment rather than looking back in regret at what might have been

Parenting Styles Authoritarian Parenting (high control, low warmth) In this style of parenting, children are expected to follow the strict rules established by the parents. Failure to follow such rules usually results in punishment. Authoritarian parents fail to explain the reasoning behind these rules. If asked to explain, the parent might simply reply, "Because I said so." These parents have high demands, but are not responsive to their children. According to Baumrind, these parents "are obedience- and status-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation" (1991).

Authoritative Parenting (high control, high warmth)  establish rules and guidelines that their children are expected to follow more democratic responsive to their children willing to listen to questions more nurturing & forgiving rather than punishing.  monitor & impart clear standards for their children’s conduct are assertive not intrusive & restrictive  Their disciplinary methods are supportive, rather than punitive.  They want their children to be assertive as well as socially responsible, and self-regulated as well as cooperative

Permissive Parenting (low control, high warmth)  indulgent parents  have very few demands to make of their children  rarely discipline their children  they have relatively low expectations of maturity & self- control. are more responsive than they are demanding. they are nontraditional and lenient do not require mature behavior allow considerable self-regulation, and avoid confrontation  Permissive parents are generally nurturing and communicative with their children, often taking on the status of a friend more than that of a parent.

few demands low responsiveness little communication.  While these parents fulfill the child's basic needs, they are generally detached from their child's life.  In extreme cases, these parents may even reject or neglect the needs of their children. Uninvolved Parenting