Biosphere Review Test Date: September 15, 2015

1. Biotic and Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors: (prefix “bio” = life) the living parts of an ecosystem. Examples: plants humans animals Abiotic Factors: (prefix “a” = without) the non-living parts of an ecosystem. Examples: soil temperature rocks sunlight rainfall

2. Biomes: Tropical Rainforest found close to equator 68°-93° F ” rain per year poor soil greatest biodiversity of all biomes large and small trees, vines, tropical flowers insects, birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians

2. Biomes: Tundra Area around North Pole very cold year-round; average temperature is -18°F no trees can grow due to permafrost lichens, mosses insects, birds, polar bears, caribou

2. Biomes: Coniferous Forest (also called Taiga, Boreal Forest or Evergreen Forest) temperatures from 20°- 70°F rainfall 12-33” per year, mostly snow most plants are conifers animals include wolves, lynx, snowshoe rabbits

2. Biomes: Desert Up to 115°F daytime Can drop by 50° at night less than 10” of rain per year many animals are nocturnal to escape daytime heat insects, reptiles, birds cacti and succulents (plants that store water)

2. Biomes: Deciduous Forest has 4 distinct seasons 30-60” of rainfall per year average temperature is 50°F Oak, maple, hickory, & elm trees, shrubs and wildflowers animals include deer, foxes, squirrels, mice

2. Biomes: Grassland (also called prairies or savannas) found in middle latitudes Temperatures range from -40° to 70°F 10-30” rain per year ( more than desert, less than deciduous forest) grasses, wildflowers, clover coyotes, bison, wild turkey, insects

3. Habitat vs. Biome Habitat: the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism. Biome: much larger; can contain many habitats. A biome is a large region containing distinctive plant and animal species and climate.

4. micro HABITAT (prefix micro = very small) A very small, specialized habitat in which organisms live Examples: a pile of wood an old bottle

5. Different Environments = Different Organisms Not all organisms have the same needs. Different environments provide different things to support different organisms. The abiotic characteristics of an environment (rainfall, temperatures, soil type) determine what organisms can live/ grow there.

6. Biodiversity Bio (life) + diversity (variety) Biodiversity makes an ecosystem more sustainable…better able to survive. A threat to one organism in the ecosystem won’t destroy the whole ecosystem. Resilient system: an alpine meadow in bloom. Note that the floral vegetation on each slope is different. Ecosystem niches are in sync with environmental conditions — in this case differences in exposure (sunlight), temperature, and moisture. This creates resource efficiency and resilience.

7. Biotic and Abiotic Factors in a Forest Ecosystem Biotic Factors grasses trees shrubs insects decomposers birds mammals reptiles amphibians Abiotic Factors rocks soil rainfall amount temperature humidity

8. Definitions TermDefinition BiosphereThe area on and around Earth in which life exists; extends from the atmosphere to the bottom of the ocean EcosystemA system of interaction between the organisms living in an area and their environment CommunityThe populations of species that live together in an area and interact with each other PopulationMembers of the same species that live together in the same place at the same time

9. How are they related?

10. Ecoregions of Texas EcoregionAbiotic FactorsBiotic Factors Trans Pecos/ Chihuahuan Desert ” rainfall Summer 90s – 100s Winter 40s Roadrunners, snakes, insects, spiders, lizards High Plains ” rainfall Summer 90s- 100s Winter 30s Ducks, geese, cranes, small mammals Piney Woods ” rainfall Summer 70s Winter 40s Pines and oaks, 85 different species of trees, 1,000 species of flowering plants, 180+ species of birds

10. Ecoregions of Texas cont’d EcoregionAbiotic FactorsBiotic Factors Edwards Plateau/ Llano Uplift 15.1 – 35” rainfall Summer 70s Winter 30s Dome-like formations of pink granite Deciduous forests, mesquite trees, wildflowers, bats, salamanders, warblers Gulf Coast Plains & Marshes 30-50” rainfall Summer 70s Winter 50s Barrier islands, coastline erosion of 30 cm – 15m per year 500 different species of resident and migratory birds, very biologically diverse

11. Manipulated/ independent variable and responding/ dependent variable Keeping the lights on for different amounts of time each day affected the number of eggs chickens laid. Does the amount of time the lights are on depend on the number of eggs laid? OR Does the number of eggs laid depend on the amount of time the lights are on? Number of eggs depends on amount of time lights are on, so… Dependent = number of eggs laid Independent = amount of time lights are on

12. Reading a Graph Relationship between Weight and Wing Span A.They increase together; as weight increases, so does wingspan B.Canary C.Lorikeet and parakeet D.Macaw lorikeetparakeetmacaw

THAT’S IT! YOU’VE GOT THIS! STUDY AND YOU’LL DO GREAT! I BELIEVE IN YOU!